TSIA2 – CRC Exam #2

#1. Read the following passage: “Marguerite pressed her forehead against the cold glass of the bus window, watching the city dissolve into farmland. She had not spoken to her mother in three years, and each mile closer to the old house made the silence between them feel heavier, like soil piling on a coffin. The fields stretched flat and indifferent, and she thought about how land never apologizes for what it buries.” The simile “like soil piling on a coffin” primarily conveys which of the following?

Marguerite’s fear of her mother’s declining health

The growing emotional weight of the unresolved estrangement

The physical discomfort of the long bus ride

The monotony of the rural landscape

2

ELAR

Reading

Literary Analysis – Figurative Language

The simile compares the growing silence to soil on a coffin, emphasizing the increasing emotional burden of the estrangement, not physical discomfort or landscape monotony.

CRC

#2. Based on the passage in Question 1, the phrase “land never apologizes for what it buries” most likely suggests that:

The land has literally buried something important to Marguerite

Nature is indifferent to human suffering and unresolved conflict

Farming communities lack emotional awareness

Marguerite blames the rural setting for her family problems

2

ELAR

Reading

Literary Analysis – Inference

The personification of land as unapologetic mirrors the unresolved conflict and suggests that painful truths remain hidden without resolution, reflecting nature’s indifference to human emotion.

CRC

#3. Read the following passage: “Urban heat islands occur when cities replace natural land cover with dense concentrations of pavement, buildings, and other surfaces that absorb and retain heat. A 2024 study from Arizona State University found that neighborhoods with less than 10% tree canopy coverage experienced average summer temperatures 8 degrees Fahrenheit higher than neighborhoods with 30% or more coverage. The researchers concluded that strategic tree planting could reduce cooling costs by up to 25% in affected areas.” What is the primary purpose of the cited study in this passage?

To argue that Arizona is the hottest state in the country

To provide quantifiable evidence supporting the impact of tree coverage on urban temperatures

To criticize city planners for ignoring environmental concerns

To compare rural and urban lifestyles

2

ELAR

Reading

Informational Text – Evidence and Purpose

The study provides specific data (8 degrees F difference, 25% cost reduction) that quantifies the relationship between tree canopy and temperature, serving as evidence for the urban heat island discussion.

CRC

#4. Based on the passage in Question 3, which conclusion is best supported by the information provided?

Increasing tree canopy in cities could yield both environmental and economic benefits

Tree planting alone can eliminate urban heat islands entirely

All cities should mandate 30% tree coverage by law

Rural areas never experience heat-related problems

1

ELAR

Reading

Informational Text – Drawing Conclusions

The passage states that tree coverage lowers temperatures and reduces cooling costs, supporting the conclusion that increased canopy offers both environmental and economic benefits.

CRC

#5. Read the following passage: “Opponents of year-round schooling argue that students need long summer breaks for rest and enrichment activities. However, research consistently shows that students from low-income families experience significant learning loss during extended breaks, often falling two to three months behind their peers. Year-round schooling with shorter, more frequent breaks would maintain academic momentum while still providing adequate rest. Critics who prioritize tradition over equity are simply choosing comfort over the well-being of the most vulnerable students.” Which of the following best describes a weakness in this argument?

The final sentence uses an ad hominem attack that undermines the otherwise evidence-based reasoning

The argument supports year-round schooling with no qualifications whatsoever

The author fails to mention any research at all

The passage never addresses the opposing viewpoint

1

ELAR

Reading

Argumentative Text – Evaluating Reasoning

The final sentence attacks the character and motives of opponents rather than addressing their arguments, which is an ad hominem fallacy that weakens the otherwise evidence-based reasoning.

CRC

#6. In the passage from Question 5, the phrase “academic momentum” most nearly means:

Students’ enthusiasm for attending school each day

The speed at which teachers cover curriculum material

The competitive ranking between different schools in a district

The continuous progress students make when learning is not interrupted by long gaps

4

ELAR

Reading

Argumentative Text – Vocabulary in Context

In context, academic momentum refers to the ongoing forward progress in learning that is disrupted by long breaks, not teacher pacing, student enthusiasm, or school rankings.

CRC

#7. Read the following poem excerpt: “I have mapped every crack in this ceiling, / know each water stain by its country shape– / that one, Brazil; this one, a broken wing. / Insomnia makes cartographers of us all, / charting territories we never chose to explore.” The speaker’s comparison of water stains to maps and countries primarily serves to:

Suggest that the ceiling is in poor condition and needs repair

Demonstrate the speaker’s creativity and artistic talent

Illustrate how sleeplessness forces the mind into restless pattern-seeking

Show that the speaker is interested in world geography

3

ELAR

Reading

Literary Analysis – Poetry Interpretation

The extended metaphor of cartography transforms a mundane experience into an exploration of how insomnia compels the mind to find patterns and meaning in randomness.

CRC

#8. Read the following passage: “Coral reefs support approximately 25% of all marine species despite covering less than 1% of the ocean floor. When water temperatures rise even 1-2 degrees Celsius above normal summer maximums, corals expel the symbiotic algae living in their tissues–a process called bleaching. Without these algae, corals lose their primary food source and, if conditions persist for more than eight weeks, typically die. Between 2014 and 2017, consecutive global bleaching events affected over 70% of the world’s reef systems.” Which organizational pattern does this passage primarily use?

Cause and effect

Problem and solution

Chronological order only

Compare and contrast

1

ELAR

Reading

Informational Text – Text Structure

The passage explains how rising temperatures (cause) lead to bleaching and coral death (effect), following a clear cause-and-effect organizational pattern throughout.

CRC

#9. Based on the passage in Question 8, the word “symbiotic” most likely describes a relationship that is:

Competitive between two species for the same resources

Temporary and seasonal in nature

Mutually beneficial to both organisms involved

Harmful to one organism while benefiting the other

3

ELAR

Reading

Vocabulary in Context

Since the passage states corals lose their primary food source when algae are expelled, the relationship is mutually beneficial–the algae provide food to corals while living within their tissues.

CRC

#10. Read the following passage: “Deshawn’s grandmother kept a garden that defied the concrete logic of their block. Tomatoes climbed a chain-link fence meant to keep people out. Sunflowers grew through cracks in the sidewalk where the city had given up on repairs. Every Saturday, she would hand a paper bag of vegetables over the fence to Mrs. Chen, who would return it Monday filled with dumplings. No words were necessary; the food said what language couldn’t.” The detail about the exchange between the grandmother and Mrs. Chen primarily illustrates:

That the neighborhood lacks adequate grocery stores

How food can serve as a universal language that transcends cultural barriers

Mrs. Chen’s inability to communicate in English

The grandmother’s desire to profit from her garden produce

2

ELAR

Reading

Literary Analysis – Theme and Detail

The wordless exchange of food between neighbors of different backgrounds illustrates food as a bridge across cultural and linguistic differences, reinforcing the theme of community built through generosity.

CRC

#11. A student writes: “Social media should be banned for all users under 18 because a 2023 survey found that 60% of teenagers reported feeling anxious after using social media platforms.” Which of the following best identifies the logical flaw in this argument?

The student does not define what counts as social media

The student should have cited at least three different surveys

Correlation between social media use and anxiety does not establish that social media caused the anxiety

The survey sample size is not mentioned in the statement

3

ELAR

Reading

Argumentative Text – Logical Reasoning

The argument assumes causation from correlation. The survey shows teens feel anxious after using social media, but this alone does not prove social media caused the anxiety.

CRC

#12. Read the following passage: “The placebo effect has long been dismissed as mere psychological trickery, but neuroscience research reveals it involves measurable biological changes. When patients believe they are receiving treatment, their brains release endorphins and dopamine–the same chemicals triggered by actual medications. A 2022 Harvard study demonstrated that placebo treatments reduced chronic pain by 30% in participants who were openly told they were receiving placebos. This finding challenges the assumption that deception is necessary for placebos to work.” The Harvard study mentioned in the passage is significant primarily because it:

Suggests that all medical treatments rely on the placebo effect

Demonstrates that placebos can be effective even without patient deception

Shows that chronic pain is entirely psychological in origin

Proves that placebos are more effective than real medications

2

ELAR

Reading

Informational Text – Evaluating Evidence

The study’s significance is that patients experienced pain reduction even when told they received placebos, challenging the traditional belief that deception is required for the placebo effect.

CRC

#13. Read the following passage: “The library closed at nine, but Marcus stayed until the security guard’s flashlight found him between the shelves. He was not hiding. He simply could not bring himself to return to the apartment where silence had a texture–thick and suffocating, like wool pulled over his mouth. Here, even closed books whispered possibilities.” The contrast between the apartment and the library reveals that Marcus:

Finds intellectual and emotional refuge in the library that his home cannot provide

Is deliberately hiding from someone who lives at his apartment

Is afraid of being alone in the dark at his apartment

Prefers reading books to watching television programs

1

ELAR

Reading

Literary Analysis – Character Analysis

The apartment’s silence is described as suffocating while the library offers whispered possibilities, revealing that Marcus seeks intellectual and emotional sustenance the library provides but his home lacks.

CRC

#14. Read the following passage: “Every year, Americans throw away 80 billion pounds of food–enough to fill 730 football stadiums. Meanwhile, 34 million Americans face food insecurity. The disconnect is not logistical; it is moral. We have built a system that would rather let produce rot in landfills than redirect it to families who cannot afford dinner.” The author uses the football stadium comparison primarily to:

Make the abstract statistic of food waste tangible and emotionally impactful for readers

Suggest that sports stadiums should be converted into food storage facilities

Appeal specifically to sports fans who might not otherwise care about food waste

Demonstrate personal expertise in both environmental science and sports

1

ELAR

Reading

Rhetorical Analysis – Persuasive Techniques

The comparison converts an incomprehensible number (80 billion pounds) into a vivid visual image (730 stadiums), making the scale of the problem concrete and emotionally compelling.

CRC

#15. In the passage from Question 14, the author’s use of the word “moral” rather than “logistical” to describe the disconnect serves to:

Argue that morality is more important than efficiency in all situations

Suggest that logistics professionals are inherently unethical people

Imply that food distribution technology does not currently exist

Shift responsibility from practical limitations to ethical failures in the food system

4

ELAR

Reading

Author’s Purpose and Word Choice

By explicitly rejecting logistical and choosing moral, the author argues the problem is not about capability but about values, placing ethical responsibility on society’s choices.

CRC

#16. Read the following passage: “When the factory closed, the town did not die all at once. First, the diner reduced its hours. Then the hardware store stopped restocking the back shelves. The high school canceled the spring musical. Each small surrender was barely noticeable on its own, but together they told the story of a community slowly exhaling its last breath.” The author structures the passage as a series of small events primarily to:

List all of the businesses that were directly affected by the closure

Argue that the factory owners should not have closed the plant

Demonstrate that small towns are inherently less resilient than cities

Show how economic decline manifests gradually through accumulated small losses

4

ELAR

Reading

Literary Analysis – Structure and Effect

The accumulation of individually minor losses creates a powerful portrait of gradual decline, showing how economic devastation unfolds incrementally rather than catastrophically.

CRC

#17. A student is writing a research paper about the benefits of bilingual education. Which of the following sources would provide the MOST credible evidence for the claim that bilingualism improves cognitive flexibility?

A peer-reviewed longitudinal study from a university neuroscience department tracking cognitive outcomes over ten years

A social media post from a bilingual parent describing their child’s academic success

A popular magazine article titled Ten Reasons Your Kid Should Learn Spanish

A blog entry from a language learning app company promoting their subscription product

1

ELAR

Reading

Source Evaluation – Credibility

A peer-reviewed longitudinal study from a university department provides the highest level of academic credibility due to its methodology, peer review process, and institutional backing.

CRC

#18. A student writes the following paragraph in an essay about renewable energy: “Solar energy is becoming increasingly affordable. (1) The cost of solar panels has dropped significantly. (2) Many homeowners are now choosing to install solar systems. (3) Government incentives have also made solar more accessible. (4) My neighbor installed solar panels last summer.” Which sentence should be revised to include more specific supporting evidence?

Sentence 4, because it should describe the neighbor’s panel specifications in detail

Sentence 1, because it makes a claim about cost reduction without providing specific data or a timeframe

Sentence 3, because it should list every single government incentive program available

Sentence 2, because it needs to name specific homeowners by name

2

ELAR

Writing

Revision – Development with Evidence

Sentence 1 claims costs have dropped significantly but provides no specific figures, percentages, or timeframe. Adding data such as an 89% decline since 2010 would strengthen the evidence.

CRC

#19. A student is organizing an essay about the causes and effects of sleep deprivation. Which of the following would be the most effective topic sentence for a body paragraph focused on the academic consequences?

Sleep is important for everyone, especially students who have a lot of schoolwork to do.

There are several effects of not getting enough sleep, and some of them are related to school.

Sleep deprivation significantly impairs students’ academic performance by reducing concentration, memory consolidation, and critical thinking ability.

Many students stay up late studying, which is ironic because it actually hurts their grades.

3

ELAR

Writing

Revision – Organization and Topic Sentences

Option A is the strongest because it clearly states the paragraph’s focus (academic performance) and previews three specific areas of impact, providing a clear roadmap for the paragraph.

CRC

#20. Read the following sentences from a student essay: “The city council approved a $2 million budget for public park improvements. _______, local residents expressed concern that the money would be better spent on road repairs and public transportation.” Which transition best fills the blank?

However

As a result

Furthermore

Similarly

1

ELAR

Writing

Revision – Transitions

The second sentence presents a contrasting viewpoint to the council’s decision, so However (a contrast transition) is appropriate. Furthermore and Similarly indicate addition or agreement, and As a result indicates causation.

CRC

#21. Select the sentence that demonstrates correct subject-verb agreement.

Neither the principal nor the teachers was informed about the schedule change before the announcement.

Neither the principal nor the teachers have been being informed about the schedule change beforehand.

Neither the principal nor the teachers is being informed about the schedule change before the announcement.

Neither the principal nor the teachers were informed about the schedule change before the announcement.

4

ELAR

Writing

Editing – Subject-Verb Agreement

With neither…nor, the verb agrees with the nearer subject (teachers, which is plural), making were informed correct. The other options use singular verbs or awkward constructions.

CRC

#22. Which sentence uses semicolons correctly?

The experiment yielded three key findings: reaction times decreased by 15%, error rates dropped by 22%; and participant confidence increased.

The experiment yielded three key findings: reaction times decreased by 15%; error rates dropped by 22%; and participant confidence increased significantly.

The experiment yielded three; key findings: reaction times decreased by 15%, error rates dropped by 22%, and participant confidence increased.

The experiment yielded three key findings; reaction times decreased by 15%, error rates dropped by 22%, and participant confidence increased.

2

ELAR

Writing

Editing – Punctuation (Semicolons)

Semicolons are correctly used to separate items in a list when those items contain internal commas or complex elements. Option A properly uses this convention with the colon introducing the list.

CRC

#23. Which of the following is a complete, correctly constructed sentence?

Although the museum had been renovated extensively and attendance continued to decline throughout the year.

The museum had been renovated extensively, attendance continued to decline throughout the following year.

Although the museum had been renovated extensively, attendance continued to decline throughout the following year.

Although the museum had been renovated extensively. Attendance continued to decline throughout the following year.

3

ELAR

Writing

Editing – Sentence Construction

Option A correctly joins a dependent clause with an independent clause using a comma. Option B is a fragment plus a sentence, option C is a comma splice, and option D is a dependent clause fragment.

CRC

#24. A student is writing a formal analytical essay about economic inequality. Which sentence uses the most appropriate academic tone?

Rich people keep getting richer while everyone else is basically stuck, which is totally unfair and needs to stop right now.

It is a well-known fact that everybody already knows about the gap between rich and poor people in this country.

The economic situation in America is really bad because some people have way too much money and others just do not have enough.

Income disparity in the United States has widened considerably over the past four decades, with the top 1% capturing a disproportionate share of economic growth.

4

ELAR

Writing

Revision – Academic Tone and Word Choice

Option A uses precise academic language (income disparity, disproportionate share), specific references, and objective framing appropriate for a formal analytical essay.

CRC

#25. Which sentence contains a clear and unambiguous pronoun reference?

Dr. Patel told Dr. Rivera that she needed to substantially revise her research methodology before publication.

The researchers shared the data with the administrators, and they were genuinely surprised by the unexpected results.

When Dr. Patel presented the findings to the board, they emphasized the urgent need for additional research funding.

When Dr. Patel presented the findings to the board, she emphasized the urgent need for additional research funding.

4

ELAR

Writing

Editing – Pronoun Reference

In option A, she clearly refers to Dr. Patel. Options B and D have ambiguous they references, and option C has ambiguous she and her that could refer to either doctor.

CRC

#26. Which sentence demonstrates correct parallel structure?

The internship program requires candidates to submit a resume, completing an interview, and the provision of three professional references.

The internship program requires candidates to submit a resume, they must complete an interview, and three professional references should be provided.

The internship program requires candidates to submit a resume, complete an interview, and provide three professional references.

The internship program requires candidates submitting a resume, to complete an interview, and providing three professional references.

3

ELAR

Writing

Editing – Parallel Structure

Option A maintains parallel structure with three infinitive phrases (to submit, complete, provide) all governed by the initial to. The other options mix grammatical forms inconsistently.

CRC

#27. A student is writing an argumentative essay in favor of requiring financial literacy courses in high school. Which of the following would be the most effective way to address a counterargument?

Critics of this idea probably do not understand how difficult it is to manage personal money without proper formal education.

Some people think financial literacy is not important, but I personally think it is very important, so they should definitely teach it.

Some educators argue that the curriculum is already overcrowded; however, financial literacy could be integrated into existing math courses rather than requiring a separate class, minimizing scheduling disruptions while preparing students for real-world financial decisions.

People who disagree with financial literacy courses are simply wrong because everyone obviously needs to know about money.

3

ELAR

Writing

Revision – Counterargument and Rebuttal

Option A acknowledges a specific counterargument (overcrowded curriculum), concedes its validity, and offers a practical solution (integration into existing courses), demonstrating sophisticated argumentative writing.

CRC

#28. Which sentence correctly places its modifying phrase?

Exhausted after the twelve-hour shift, the break room couch was where the nurse finally collapsed.

Exhausted after the twelve-hour shift, the nurse collapsed onto the break room couch.

After the twelve-hour shift being exhausted, onto the break room couch the nurse collapsed.

The nurse collapsed onto the break room couch exhausted after the twelve-hour shift that had ended at last.

2

ELAR

Writing

Editing – Modifier Placement

Option A correctly places the modifying phrase Exhausted after the twelve-hour shift next to the nurse, the noun it modifies. Option B creates a dangling modifier suggesting the couch was exhausted.

CRC

#29. A student has written an essay analyzing how social media has changed political campaigns. Which of the following would be the most effective concluding sentence?

Social media and politics are connected, and this essay has shown several different examples of that connection.

As digital platforms continue to evolve, the relationship between social media and political engagement will demand ongoing scrutiny from voters, regulators, and candidates alike.

That is why social media is so important for politics today and will probably keep being important in the future.

In conclusion, social media has changed political campaigns in many ways, as I have discussed above in this essay.

2

ELAR

Writing

Revision – Effective Conclusions

Option A provides a forward-looking conclusion that extends the analysis, identifies specific stakeholders, and leaves the reader considering broader implications rather than merely summarizing.

CRC

#30. Select the sentence that uses all words correctly.

The board’s principal concern was whether the new policy would have a positive affect on employee morale.

The board’s principle concern was whether the new policy would have a positive effect on employee moral.

The board’s principle concern was whether the new policy would have a positive affect on employee moral.

The board’s principal concern was whether the new policy would have a positive effect on employee morale.

4

ELAR

Writing

Editing – Commonly Confused Words

Principal (main/chief) is correct as an adjective, effect (noun meaning result) is correct, and morale (spirit/confidence) is correct. The other options confuse principal/principle, affect/effect, or morale/moral.

CRC

#31. A car’s fuel efficiency is rated at 32 miles per gallon. If gasoline costs $3.85 per gallon, how much will it cost in fuel to drive 480 miles? Round to the nearest cent.

$61.60

$52.40

$64.00

$57.75

4

Math

Quantitative Reasoning

Proportional Reasoning – Unit Rates

480 miles divided by 32 mpg = 15 gallons needed. 15 gallons times $3.85 per gallon = $57.75.

CRC

#32. A recipe calls for 2 and 3/4 cups of flour to make 18 cookies. If you want to make 48 cookies, how many cups of flour do you need?

7 and 1/2

6 and 7/8

7 and 1/3

8 and 1/4

3

Math

Quantitative Reasoning

Proportional Reasoning – Scaling

Set up proportion: 2.75 / 18 = x / 48. So x = 2.75 times (48/18) = 2.75 times 2.6667 = 7.333 = 7 and 1/3 cups.

CRC

#33. A store advertises a jacket originally priced at $120 with a 30% discount. A member loyalty card provides an additional 10% off the discounted price. What is the final price before tax?

$72.00

$84.00

$75.60

$78.00

3

Math

Quantitative Reasoning

Percent – Sequential Discounts

First discount: $120 times 0.70 = $84.00. Second discount: $84.00 times 0.90 = $75.60. Sequential discounts are not the same as a single 40% discount.

CRC

#34. An investment of $5,000 earns simple interest at a rate of 4.5% per year. What is the total value of the investment after 3 years?

$5,700

$5,725

$5,627

$5,675

4

Math

Quantitative Reasoning

Simple Interest

Simple interest: I = P times r times t = $5,000 times 0.045 times 3 = $675. Total value = $5,000 + $675 = $5,675.

CRC

#35. A water tank contains 450 gallons and is draining at a rate of 12.5 gallons per minute. At the same time, water is being added at a rate of 3.5 gallons per minute. How many minutes will it take for the tank to be empty?

55 minutes

50 minutes

36 minutes

45 minutes

2

Math

Quantitative Reasoning

Rate Problems – Net Rate

Net drain rate = 12.5 – 3.5 = 9 gallons per minute. Time = 450 divided by 9 = 50 minutes.

CRC

#36. Solve for x: 3(2x – 5) + 4 = 7x – 8

x = -7

x = 7

x = 3

x = -3

4

Math

Algebraic Reasoning

Linear Equations

Expand: 6x – 15 + 4 = 7x – 8. Simplify: 6x – 11 = 7x – 8. Then -11 + 8 = 7x – 6x, so -3 = x.

CRC

#37. Which of the following represents the solution set for the inequality: -2(x + 4) >= 3x + 7?

x <= 3

x >= 3

x >= -3

x <= -3

4

Math

Algebraic Reasoning

Linear Inequalities

Expand: -2x – 8 >= 3x + 7. Then -8 – 7 >= 3x + 2x, so -15 >= 5x, which gives x <= -3.

CRC

#38. A phone plan charges a $25 monthly fee plus $0.06 per text message. Another plan charges a $15 monthly fee plus $0.10 per text message. At how many text messages per month do the two plans cost the same?

250 messages

300 messages

200 messages

150 messages

1

Math

Algebraic Reasoning

Systems of Equations – Break-Even

Set equal: 25 + 0.06m = 15 + 0.10m. Then 10 = 0.04m, so m = 250 messages.

CRC

#39. Factor completely: 2x^2 + 11x + 15

(2x + 3)(x + 5)

(2x + 15)(x + 1)

(2x + 5)(x + 3)

2(x + 5)(x + 3)

3

Math

Algebraic Reasoning

Factoring Quadratics

Find factors of 2 times 15 = 30 that add to 11: those are 5 and 6. Rewrite: 2x^2 + 5x + 6x + 15 = x(2x+5) + 3(2x+5) = (2x+5)(x+3).

CRC

#40. If f(x) = 3x^2 – 2x + 7, what is the value of f(-2)?

15

19

23

27

3

Math

Algebraic Reasoning

Function Evaluation

f(-2) = 3(-2)^2 – 2(-2) + 7 = 3(4) + 4 + 7 = 12 + 4 + 7 = 23.

CRC

#41. A cylindrical water tower has a radius of 8 feet and a height of 25 feet. What is the approximate volume of the water tower? (Use pi = 3.14)

5,024 cubic feet

4,800 cubic feet

6,280 cubic feet

5,200 cubic feet

1

Math

Geometric & Spatial Reasoning

Volume of Cylinders

V = pi times r^2 times h = 3.14 times 64 times 25 = 3.14 times 1600 = 5,024 cubic feet.

CRC

#42. Two similar triangles have a scale factor of 3:5. If the area of the smaller triangle is 36 square centimeters, what is the area of the larger triangle?

60 square centimeters

108 square centimeters

100 square centimeters

90 square centimeters

3

Math

Geometric & Spatial Reasoning

Similar Figures – Area Ratios

Area ratio = (scale factor)^2 = (3/5)^2 = 9/25. So 36/A = 9/25, giving A = 36 times 25/9 = 100 square centimeters.

CRC

#43. A right triangle has legs measuring 9 cm and 12 cm. What is the length of the hypotenuse?

15 cm

14 cm

16 cm

13 cm

1

Math

Geometric & Spatial Reasoning

Pythagorean Theorem

c^2 = a^2 + b^2 = 81 + 144 = 225. c = sqrt(225) = 15 cm.

CRC

#44. A rectangular park measures 40 meters by 30 meters. A jogging path runs diagonally from one corner to the opposite corner. How long is the diagonal path?

50 meters

55 meters

45 meters

35 meters

1

Math

Geometric & Spatial Reasoning

Pythagorean Theorem – Applications

Using the Pythagorean theorem: d^2 = 40^2 + 30^2 = 1600 + 900 = 2500. d = sqrt(2500) = 50 meters.

CRC

#45. Point A is located at (-3, 4) and Point B is located at (5, -2) on a coordinate plane. What is the distance between the two points?

12

10

8

9

2

Math

Geometric & Spatial Reasoning

Distance Formula

d = sqrt[(5-(-3))^2 + (-2-4)^2] = sqrt[64 + 36] = sqrt[100] = 10.

CRC

#46. A class of 30 students took a quiz. The scores were: 15 students scored 80, 10 students scored 90, and 5 students scored 100. What is the mean score for the class?

85

86.67

88

87.5

2

Math

Probabilistic & Statistical Reasoning

Mean Calculation – Weighted Average

Mean = (15 times 80 + 10 times 90 + 5 times 100) / 30 = (1200 + 900 + 500) / 30 = 2600 / 30 = 86.67.

CRC

#47. A bag contains 4 red marbles, 6 blue marbles, and 5 green marbles. If one marble is drawn at random and NOT replaced, and then a second marble is drawn, what is the probability that both marbles are blue?

2/15

1/7

1/5

6/25

2

Math

Probabilistic & Statistical Reasoning

Probability – Dependent Events

P(1st blue) = 6/15 = 2/5. P(2nd blue given 1st blue) = 5/14. P(both blue) = (2/5)(5/14) = 10/70 = 1/7.

CRC

#48. A dataset has the following values: 10, 14, 17, 18, 20, 23, 26, 29, 32, 45. What is the interquartile range (IQR)?

12

14

15

10

1

Math

Probabilistic & Statistical Reasoning

Interquartile Range

Lower half: {10,14,17,18,20}, Q1=17. Upper half: {23,26,29,32,45}, Q3=29. IQR = 29 – 17 = 12.

CRC

#49. In a standard deck of 52 playing cards, what is the probability of drawing either a heart or a face card (jack, queen, or king)?

22/52

18/52

25/52

15/52

1

Math

Probabilistic & Statistical Reasoning

Probability – Addition Rule

Hearts = 13. Face cards = 12. Overlap (heart face cards) = 3. By inclusion-exclusion: P = (13 + 12 – 3)/52 = 22/52 = 11/26.

CRC

#50. A survey of 200 college students found that 120 prefer streaming music, 60 prefer radio, and 20 have no preference. A pie chart is created to display these results. What is the central angle for the streaming music section?

240 degrees

200 degrees

180 degrees

216 degrees

4

Math

Probabilistic & Statistical Reasoning

Data Representation – Pie Charts

Streaming fraction = 120/200 = 0.60. Central angle = 0.60 times 360 = 216 degrees.

CRC

#51. ESSAY PROMPT: Some people believe that artificial intelligence will create more jobs than it eliminates, leading to greater economic opportunity. Others argue that AI-driven automation will displace millions of workers and widen economic inequality. In a well-organized essay, explain whether you believe AI will ultimately help or harm the workforce. Use specific examples and reasoning to support your position.

Consider arguing that AI’s impact on the workforce depends on proactive investment in education and retraining programs, rather than being inherently helpful or harmful.

1) Historical precedent: past technological revolutions (industrial, digital) initially displaced workers but eventually created new industries and job categories. 2) Current evidence: AI is already creating new roles (AI trainers, prompt engineers, data annotators) while automating routine tasks. 3) Policy solutions: countries investing in workforce retraining programs show better employment outcomes during technological transitions.

1) Thesis clarity and strength of position. 2) Use of specific relevant examples. 3) Logical organization with clear transitions. 4) Acknowledgment and rebuttal of counterarguments. 5) Grammar mechanics and sentence variety. 6) Conclusion that extends beyond mere summary.

CRC Exam #2

Results

#2. Based on the passage in Question 1, the phrase “land never apologizes for what it buries” most likely suggests that:

#4. Based on the passage in Question 3, which conclusion is best supported by the information provided?

#6. In the passage from Question 5, the phrase “academic momentum” most nearly means:

#9. Based on the passage in Question 8, the word “symbiotic” most likely describes a relationship that is:

#11. A student writes: “Social media should be banned for all users under 18 because a 2023 survey found that 60% of teenagers reported feeling anxious after using social media platforms.” Which of the following best identifies the logical flaw in this argument?

#15. In the passage from Question 14, the author’s use of the word “moral” rather than “logistical” to describe the disconnect serves to:

#17. A student is writing a research paper about the benefits of bilingual education. Which of the following sources would provide the MOST credible evidence for the claim that bilingualism improves cognitive flexibility?

#19. A student is organizing an essay about the causes and effects of sleep deprivation. Which of the following would be the most effective topic sentence for a body paragraph focused on the academic consequences?

#20. Read the following sentences from a student essay: “The city council approved a $2 million budget for public park improvements. _______, local residents expressed concern that the money would be better spent on road repairs and public transportation.” Which transition best fills the blank?

#21. Select the sentence that demonstrates correct subject-verb agreement.

#22. Which sentence uses semicolons correctly?

#23. Which of the following is a complete, correctly constructed sentence?

#24. A student is writing a formal analytical essay about economic inequality. Which sentence uses the most appropriate academic tone?

#25. Which sentence contains a clear and unambiguous pronoun reference?

#26. Which sentence demonstrates correct parallel structure?

#27. A student is writing an argumentative essay in favor of requiring financial literacy courses in high school. Which of the following would be the most effective way to address a counterargument?

#28. Which sentence correctly places its modifying phrase?

#29. A student has written an essay analyzing how social media has changed political campaigns. Which of the following would be the most effective concluding sentence?

#30. Select the sentence that uses all words correctly.

#31. A car’s fuel efficiency is rated at 32 miles per gallon. If gasoline costs $3.85 per gallon, how much will it cost in fuel to drive 480 miles? Round to the nearest cent.

#32. A recipe calls for 2 and 3/4 cups of flour to make 18 cookies. If you want to make 48 cookies, how many cups of flour do you need?

#33. A store advertises a jacket originally priced at $120 with a 30% discount. A member loyalty card provides an additional 10% off the discounted price. What is the final price before tax?

#34. An investment of $5,000 earns simple interest at a rate of 4.5% per year. What is the total value of the investment after 3 years?

#35. A water tank contains 450 gallons and is draining at a rate of 12.5 gallons per minute. At the same time, water is being added at a rate of 3.5 gallons per minute. How many minutes will it take for the tank to be empty?

#36. Solve for x: 3(2x – 5) + 4 = 7x – 8

#37. Which of the following represents the solution set for the inequality: -2(x + 4) >= 3x + 7?

#38. A phone plan charges a $25 monthly fee plus $0.06 per text message. Another plan charges a $15 monthly fee plus $0.10 per text message. At how many text messages per month do the two plans cost the same?

#39. Factor completely: 2x^2 + 11x + 15

#40. If f(x) = 3x^2 – 2x + 7, what is the value of f(-2)?

#41. A cylindrical water tower has a radius of 8 feet and a height of 25 feet. What is the approximate volume of the water tower? (Use pi = 3.14)

#42. Two similar triangles have a scale factor of 3:5. If the area of the smaller triangle is 36 square centimeters, what is the area of the larger triangle?

#43. A right triangle has legs measuring 9 cm and 12 cm. What is the length of the hypotenuse?

#44. A rectangular park measures 40 meters by 30 meters. A jogging path runs diagonally from one corner to the opposite corner. How long is the diagonal path?

#45. Point A is located at (-3, 4) and Point B is located at (5, -2) on a coordinate plane. What is the distance between the two points?

#46. A class of 30 students took a quiz. The scores were: 15 students scored 80, 10 students scored 90, and 5 students scored 100. What is the mean score for the class?

#47. A bag contains 4 red marbles, 6 blue marbles, and 5 green marbles. If one marble is drawn at random and NOT replaced, and then a second marble is drawn, what is the probability that both marbles are blue?

#48. A dataset has the following values: 10, 14, 17, 18, 20, 23, 26, 29, 32, 45. What is the interquartile range (IQR)?

#49. In a standard deck of 52 playing cards, what is the probability of drawing either a heart or a face card (jack, queen, or king)?

#50. A survey of 200 college students found that 120 prefer streaming music, 60 prefer radio, and 20 have no preference. A pie chart is created to display these results. What is the central angle for the streaming music section?