TSIA2 – CRC Exam #4

#1. Read the following passage: ‘The development of synthetic biology has introduced a new paradigm in medicine. Scientists can now engineer microorganisms to produce insulin, antibodies, and even complex vaccines within bioreactors. This approach reduces dependence on traditional pharmaceutical manufacturing, which often requires expensive raw materials and lengthy production timelines. Critics, however, warn that releasing engineered organisms into broader ecosystems could have unforeseen consequences.’ What is the author’s primary purpose in this passage?

To argue that synthetic biology should replace all traditional manufacturing

To explain the benefits and risks of synthetic biology in medicine

To persuade readers that engineered organisms are dangerous

To describe the history of pharmaceutical production

2

ELAR

Reading

Informational Text Analysis

The passage presents both advantages (‘reduces dependence’) and concerns (‘unforeseen consequences’), indicating a balanced explanatory purpose rather than pure argumentation or persuasion.

CRC

#2. Based on the passage above about synthetic biology, what does the word ‘paradigm’ most likely mean in context?

A scientific experiment

A manufacturing process

A type of medication

A new model or framework for understanding something

4

ELAR

Reading

Vocabulary in Context

The word ‘paradigm’ is used alongside ‘new’ and ‘introduced,’ suggesting it refers to a fresh framework or model of thinking, which aligns with its standard meaning.

CRC

#3. Read the following passage: ‘During the Harlem Renaissance of the 1920s, African American artists, writers, and musicians forged a cultural movement that redefined American identity. Langston Hughes captured the rhythms of everyday Black life in his poetry, while Aaron Douglas translated African motifs into modernist visual art. The movement was not merely artistic; it was a deliberate assertion of dignity and intellectual equality in a society that systematically denied both.’ Which statement best describes the author’s claim about the Harlem Renaissance?

It was primarily a literary movement centered on poetry

It had little lasting impact on American identity

It was limited to visual arts and music

It served as both a cultural and a political statement

4

ELAR

Reading

Literary Analysis

The author explicitly states the movement ‘was not merely artistic’ but ‘a deliberate assertion of dignity and intellectual equality,’ framing it as both cultural and political.

CRC

#4. In the Harlem Renaissance passage, the phrase ‘systematically denied’ suggests that the denial of dignity was —

accidental and infrequent

primarily economic in nature

limited to certain regions

organized and pervasive

4

ELAR

Reading

Vocabulary in Context

‘Systematically’ implies an organized, widespread, and deliberate pattern rather than something accidental, isolated, or confined to one domain.

CRC

#5. Read the following passage: ‘Urban vertical farming uses stacked hydroponic layers inside climate-controlled buildings to grow produce year-round. Proponents argue it reduces water usage by up to 95 percent compared to conventional agriculture and eliminates the need for pesticides. Skeptics counter that the electricity costs for lighting and climate control often exceed the savings, making vertical farms economically viable only for high-value crops like herbs and microgreens.’ A reader who supports vertical farming would most likely criticize the passage for —

overemphasizing the economic limitations

ignoring the environmental benefits of reduced water usage

presenting too many statistics

failing to mention hydroponic technology

1

ELAR

Reading

Argumentative Text Evaluation

A supporter would likely object to the passage giving significant weight to economic criticisms, as the skeptics’ view could undermine enthusiasm for the technology’s environmental advantages.

CRC

#6. Which of the following would best strengthen the skeptics’ argument in the vertical farming passage?

Data showing vertical farms use renewable energy sources

A study demonstrating that vertical farm electricity costs average three times the revenue from lettuce production

Testimonials from chefs who prefer vertically farmed herbs

Historical data on the growth of hydroponic technology

2

ELAR

Reading

Argumentative Text Evaluation

The skeptics argue that electricity costs exceed savings; concrete economic data showing costs dramatically outpacing revenue for a common crop would directly bolster their claim.

CRC

#7. Read the following poem excerpt: ‘The fog crept over the harbor wall, / wrapping each mast in its silver shawl, / until the ships were ghosts at rest, / and silence pressed against my chest.’ The figurative language in this excerpt primarily creates a mood of —

joyful celebration

violent confrontation

eerie stillness

bitter resentment

3

ELAR

Reading

Literary Analysis

Personification (‘fog crept,’ ‘silence pressed’) and metaphor (‘ghosts at rest,’ ‘silver shawl’) combine to create an atmosphere of quiet, haunting stillness rather than joy, violence, or anger.

CRC

#8. In the poem excerpt about the fog, the ships are compared to ‘ghosts at rest’ primarily to emphasize —

the danger of sailing in fog

their faded, motionless appearance in the mist

the age and disrepair of the vessels

the supernatural beliefs of sailors

2

ELAR

Reading

Literary Analysis

The ghost metaphor highlights how the fog renders the ships pale, still, and barely visible — emphasizing their motionless, spectral appearance rather than literal danger or supernatural themes.

CRC

#9. Read the following passage: ‘The gig economy has fundamentally altered the relationship between workers and employers. Freelancers now comprise over 36 percent of the U.S. workforce, handling everything from graphic design to medical transcription. While this model offers flexibility and autonomy, it also strips workers of benefits like health insurance, retirement plans, and unemployment protections that traditional employment provides.’ Which organizational pattern does the author primarily use?

Chronological order

Compare and contrast

Cause and effect

Problem and solution

2

ELAR

Reading

Informational Text Analysis

The author compares and contrasts gig work (flexibility, autonomy) with traditional employment (benefits, protections), weighing advantages against disadvantages of each model.

CRC

#10. Read the following passage: ‘Coral bleaching events have increased fivefold since the 1980s, driven primarily by rising ocean temperatures. When water temperatures exceed normal ranges by even 1-2 degrees Celsius, corals expel the symbiotic algae that provide them with nutrients and color. Without these algae, corals turn white and, if conditions persist, die. The Great Barrier Reef experienced mass bleaching in 2016, 2017, 2020, and 2022, losing approximately half its coral cover.’ The author includes specific dates and statistics most likely to —

establish the severity and accelerating pace of the problem

entertain readers with dramatic storytelling

argue that coral bleaching is irreversible

compare coral reefs across different oceans

1

ELAR

Reading

Informational Text Analysis

Specific dates (2016-2022) and statistics (‘fivefold,’ ‘half its coral cover’) serve as concrete evidence establishing both the seriousness and the increasing frequency of bleaching events.

CRC

#11. Based on the coral bleaching passage, what can the reader infer about the relationship between corals and symbiotic algae?

The algae are parasites that harm coral health

Corals can thrive independently without the algae

The algae only affect the color of corals, not their health

The relationship is mutually beneficial and essential for coral survival

4

ELAR

Reading

Informational Text Analysis

The passage states algae ‘provide nutrients and color’ and that without them corals ‘die,’ indicating the relationship is essential and mutually beneficial rather than parasitic or merely cosmetic.

CRC

#12. Read the following passage: ‘In 1848, the Seneca Falls Convention produced the Declaration of Sentiments, modeled after the Declaration of Independence. Elizabeth Cady Stanton deliberately echoed Jefferson’s language, writing that ”all men and women are created equal.” By appropriating this foundational American text, Stanton forced her audience to confront the contradiction between the nation’s stated ideals and its treatment of women.’ Stanton’s rhetorical strategy of echoing the Declaration of Independence is best described as —

an appeal to emotion through personal anecdotes

an appeal to shared values and logical consistency

an ad hominem attack against political opponents

a use of technical jargon to establish credibility

2

ELAR

Reading

Argumentative Text Evaluation

By mirroring the Declaration of Independence, Stanton appeals to values her audience already holds and exposes the logical inconsistency of excluding women from those principles.

CRC

#13. Read the following passage: ‘Microplastics — fragments smaller than five millimeters — have been detected in Arctic ice, deep-sea sediments, and human blood. A 2023 study found an average of 1.6 micrograms of plastic per milliliter in tested blood samples. Researchers are still determining health impacts, but preliminary studies link microplastic exposure to inflammation, hormonal disruption, and cellular damage in laboratory animals.’ The author’s tone in this passage is best described as —

objective and evidence-based

alarmist and exaggerated

dismissive and unconcerned

optimistic and reassuring

1

ELAR

Reading

Informational Text Analysis

The author presents factual data and research findings without sensationalism, noting that impacts are still being determined — maintaining an objective, evidence-driven tone throughout.

CRC

#14. Read the following sentence: ‘The committee have been debating the proposal for three hours, and they has yet to reach a consensus.’ Which revision corrects the errors in this sentence?

The committee have been debating the proposal for three hours, and they have yet to reach a consensus.

The committee have been debating the proposal for three hours, and it has yet to reach a consensus.

The committee has been debating the proposal for three hours, and they has yet to reach a consensus.

The committee has been debating the proposal for three hours, and it has yet to reach a consensus.

4

ELAR

Writing

Revision and Editing

‘Committee’ is a collective noun treated as singular in American English, requiring ‘has been debating’ and the singular pronoun ‘it’ with ‘has yet to reach.’

CRC

#15. Read the following sentence: ‘Neither the professor nor her teaching assistants was available to answer questions during office hours last Friday.’ Which revision, if any, is needed?

No revision is needed

Change ‘nor’ to ‘or’

Change ‘her’ to ‘their’

Change ‘was’ to ‘were’

4

ELAR

Writing

Revision and Editing

With ‘neither…nor,’ the verb agrees with the nearer subject. ‘Teaching assistants’ is plural, so the verb should be ‘were’ rather than ‘was.’

CRC

#16. Read the following sentence: ‘The architect presented three designs, however, the client preferred a completely different concept that incorporated sustainable materials.’ Which revision best corrects the punctuation error?

The architect presented three designs however the client preferred a completely different concept that incorporated sustainable materials.

The architect presented three designs, however the client preferred a completely different concept, that incorporated sustainable materials.

The architect presented three designs; however, the client preferred a completely different concept that incorporated sustainable materials.

The architect presented three designs however, the client preferred a completely different concept that incorporated sustainable materials.

3

ELAR

Writing

Revision and Editing

‘However’ is a conjunctive adverb joining two independent clauses. It requires a semicolon before it and a comma after it when used this way.

CRC

#17. A student is writing a research paper about renewable energy adoption. Which sentence would best serve as a thesis statement?

Renewable energy is an interesting topic that many people are talking about these days.

Solar panels and wind turbines are two types of renewable energy sources.

While initial infrastructure costs remain high, widespread adoption of renewable energy is essential for reducing carbon emissions, creating sustainable jobs, and achieving long-term energy independence.

Some people support renewable energy while others prefer fossil fuels.

3

ELAR

Writing

Revision and Editing

An effective thesis statement presents a clear, arguable claim with specific supporting points. Option 2 acknowledges a counterpoint and provides three concrete reasons, making it the strongest thesis.

CRC

#18. Read the following paragraph: ‘(1) The human brain consumes approximately 20 percent of the body’s total energy despite comprising only 2 percent of its mass. (2) This disproportionate energy demand reflects the brain’s constant activity. (3) Even during sleep, neurons continue firing, consolidating memories, and regulating vital functions. (4) Bananas are also a good source of potassium and energy.’ Which sentence should be removed to improve the paragraph’s coherence?

Sentence 4

Sentence 2

Sentence 3

Sentence 1

1

ELAR

Writing

Revision and Editing

Sentence 4 about bananas is entirely unrelated to the paragraph’s focus on the brain’s energy consumption, making it the clear candidate for removal.

CRC

#19. A student writes: ‘The volunteers who organized the charity event, they worked tirelessly for weeks to ensure its success.’ Which revision eliminates the grammatical error?

The volunteers who organized the charity event; they worked tirelessly for weeks to ensure its success.

They, the volunteers who organized the charity event, worked tirelessly for weeks to ensure its success.

The volunteers, who organized the charity event, they worked tirelessly for weeks to ensure its success.

The volunteers who organized the charity event worked tirelessly for weeks to ensure its success.

4

ELAR

Writing

Revision and Editing

The original sentence contains a double subject error (‘volunteers…they’). Removing the redundant pronoun ‘they’ creates a clean subject-verb connection.

CRC

#20. Read the following sentences: ‘The museum’s new exhibit features artifacts from ancient Mesopotamia. It includes cuneiform tablets. It also includes cylinder seals. There are also pottery fragments on display.’ Which revision best combines these sentences?

The museum’s new exhibit features artifacts from ancient Mesopotamia, including cuneiform tablets, cylinder seals, and pottery fragments.

The museum’s new exhibit features artifacts from ancient Mesopotamia, and it includes cuneiform tablets, and cylinder seals, and pottery fragments.

The museum’s new exhibit features artifacts from ancient Mesopotamia, it includes cuneiform tablets, cylinder seals, and pottery fragments.

The museum’s new exhibit features artifacts from ancient Mesopotamia; cuneiform tablets; cylinder seals; and pottery fragments.

1

ELAR

Writing

Revision and Editing

Option 2 uses a participial phrase (‘including’) to smoothly integrate the list into a single, well-structured sentence without comma splices or excessive conjunctions.

CRC

#21. Read the following passage: ‘The transition to electric vehicles presents both opportunities and challenges for rural communities. (1) Electric vehicles produce zero tailpipe emissions, reducing air pollution in areas already affected by agricultural dust and chemical runoff. (2) _______, the limited availability of charging infrastructure in rural regions creates significant barriers to adoption. (3) Many rural residents drive longer distances for work and errands, making range anxiety a more pressing concern than for urban drivers.’ Which transition word or phrase best fills the blank in sentence 2?

Furthermore

In addition

Similarly

However

4

ELAR

Writing

Revision and Editing

Sentence 1 presents a benefit; sentence 2 introduces a contrasting limitation. ‘However’ signals this shift from advantage to disadvantage.

CRC

#22. A student writes: ‘After reviewing the data carefully and consulting with experts in the field. The research team published their groundbreaking findings in a prestigious journal.’ Which revision corrects the sentence fragment?

After reviewing the data carefully, and consulting with experts in the field, the research team published their groundbreaking findings in a prestigious journal.

After reviewing the data carefully and consulting with experts in the field; the research team published their groundbreaking findings in a prestigious journal.

After reviewing the data carefully and consulting with experts in the field, the research team published their groundbreaking findings in a prestigious journal.

After reviewing the data carefully and consulting with experts in the field the research team published their groundbreaking findings in a prestigious journal.

3

ELAR

Writing

Revision and Editing

The original has a period creating a fragment from the introductory clause. Replacing the period with a comma correctly attaches the dependent clause to the independent clause.

CRC

#23. Read the following passage: ‘Bioluminescence — the production of light by living organisms — serves multiple ecological functions. Deep-sea anglerfish use luminescent lures to attract prey in the darkness of the ocean floor. Fireflies flash species-specific patterns to locate mates during summer evenings. Some squid species release glowing ink clouds to confuse predators and escape.’ Based on the passage, which conclusion is best supported?

All marine animals produce bioluminescence

Bioluminescence has evolved to serve different survival purposes across species

Bioluminescence is used exclusively for attracting mates

Bioluminescence occurs only in deep-sea environments

2

ELAR

Reading

Informational Text Analysis

The passage provides three distinct examples — hunting, mating, and defense — demonstrating that bioluminescence serves varied survival functions across different species and environments.

CRC

#24. Read the following passage: ‘The emergence of deepfake technology poses unprecedented challenges to journalism and public trust. Sophisticated AI algorithms can now generate realistic video footage of public figures saying things they never said. While some researchers develop detection tools, the technology evolves faster than the countermeasures. Media literacy experts argue that the greatest defense is an informed public that questions the authenticity of digital content.’ The author implies that the problem of deepfakes is particularly difficult to solve because —

detection technology cannot keep pace with deepfake advancement

the public is uninterested in media literacy

journalists refuse to acknowledge the technology

deepfakes are only used for entertainment purposes

1

ELAR

Reading

Informational Text Analysis

The author directly states that ‘the technology evolves faster than the countermeasures,’ implying the core difficulty is the gap between deepfake sophistication and detection capabilities.

CRC

#25. Read the following excerpt from a student essay: ‘Social media platforms should be required to verify the age of all users. First, children under thirteen lack the cognitive development to evaluate manipulative advertising and curated content. Second, studies consistently link early social media use to increased rates of anxiety and depression among adolescents. Finally, current self-reported age verification systems are easily circumvented, rendering existing protections meaningless.’ The organizational structure of this argument is best described as —

narrative with chronological development

claim supported by multiple distinct reasons

comparison of opposing viewpoints

process analysis with sequential steps

2

ELAR

Reading

Argumentative Text Evaluation

The excerpt presents a clear claim (mandatory age verification) followed by three separate supporting reasons (cognitive development, mental health data, ineffective current systems).

CRC

#26. A student writes: ‘The company’s profits soared to unprecedented heights, consequently, the board approved raises for all employees and expanded its operations into three new markets.’ Which revision best corrects this sentence?

The company’s profits soared to unprecedented heights consequently the board approved raises for all employees and expanded its operations into three new markets.

The company’s profits soared to unprecedented heights, consequently the board approved raises for all employees, and expanded its operations into three new markets.

The company’s profits soared to unprecedented heights; consequently, the board approved raises for all employees and expanded its operations into three new markets.

The company’s profits soared to unprecedented heights, consequently; the board approved raises for all employees and expanded its operations into three new markets.

3

ELAR

Writing

Revision and Editing

Two independent clauses joined by the conjunctive adverb ‘consequently’ require a semicolon before and a comma after the adverb.

CRC

#27. Read the following passage: ‘When Tomas arrived at the abandoned observatory, the telescope still pointed toward Orion’s Belt, exactly where his grandfather had aimed it forty years ago. Dust covered every surface, but the logbook on the desk lay open to the last entry: ”December 14, 1984 — saw something I cannot explain. Returning tomorrow.” There was no entry for December 15.’ The detail about the missing December 15 entry most likely serves to —

create suspense about what happened to the grandfather

show that the grandfather was an unreliable narrator

indicate that the grandfather lost interest in astronomy

demonstrate the poor condition of the observatory

1

ELAR

Reading

Literary Analysis

The abrupt absence of an expected follow-up entry after a mysterious observation creates suspense and implies something significant — possibly ominous — prevented the grandfather from returning.

CRC

#28. In the observatory passage, the image of the telescope still pointing toward Orion’s Belt primarily conveys a sense of —

frozen time and unfinished purpose

technological advancement

scientific achievement

the grandfather’s incompetence

1

ELAR

Reading

Literary Analysis

The telescope remaining aimed at the same spot for forty years symbolizes a moment frozen in time and a purpose left incomplete, reinforcing the mystery of the grandfather’s disappearance.

CRC

#29. A student is revising the following paragraph for an essay about urban planning: ‘Cities should invest in more green spaces. Parks are nice places to visit. Green spaces reduce urban heat islands by providing shade and evapotranspiration cooling. They also improve mental health outcomes, with studies showing a 20 percent reduction in stress levels among residents living near parks. Additionally, urban green spaces increase property values and generate tax revenue that offsets maintenance costs.’ Which sentence is the weakest and should be revised or replaced to strengthen the paragraph?

‘Cities should invest in more green spaces.’

‘Green spaces reduce urban heat islands by providing shade and evapotranspiration cooling.’

‘Parks are nice places to visit.’

‘They also improve mental health outcomes, with studies showing a 20 percent reduction in stress levels among residents living near parks.’

3

ELAR

Writing

Revision and Editing

‘Parks are nice places to visit’ is vague and informal compared to the other evidence-based sentences. It weakens the analytical tone and should be revised with specific supporting evidence.

CRC

#30. Read the following sentence: ‘The archaeologist, along with her team of graduate students, were excavating a Bronze Age settlement when they discovered the intact burial chamber.’ Which revision corrects the subject-verb agreement error?

The archaeologist, along with her team of graduate students, were excavating a Bronze Age settlement when she discovered the intact burial chamber.

The archaeologists, along with her team of graduate students, were excavating a Bronze Age settlement when they discovered the intact burial chamber.

The archaeologist, along with her team of graduate students, was excavating a Bronze Age settlement when they discovered the intact burial chamber.

No revision is needed.

3

ELAR

Writing

Revision and Editing

The subject is ‘archaeologist’ (singular); the phrase ‘along with her team’ is a parenthetical modifier that does not change the subject’s number. The verb must be ‘was excavating.’

CRC

#31. A store sells a jacket for $84, which represents a 30% markup over the wholesale cost. What was the wholesale cost of the jacket, rounded to the nearest cent?

$58.80

$109.20

$64.62

$54.00

3

Math

Quantitative Reasoning

Percentages and Proportional Reasoning

A 30% markup means the selling price is 130% of the wholesale cost. So wholesale = $84 / 1.30 = $64.615…, which rounds to $64.62.

CRC

#32. A recipe requires 2¾ cups of flour to make 16 cookies. How many cups of flour are needed to make 40 cookies?

6⅞ cups

6 cups

5½ cups

7¼ cups

1

Math

Quantitative Reasoning

Ratios and Proportions

Set up the proportion: 2¾ / 16 = x / 40. So x = 2.75 × (40/16) = 2.75 × 2.5 = 6.875 = 6⅞ cups.

CRC

#33. A car’s value depreciates by 15% each year. If the car was purchased for $20,000, what is its approximate value after 3 years?

$12,283

$14,450

$11,000

$17,000

1

Math

Quantitative Reasoning

Exponential Decay and Percent Change

Value after 3 years = $20,000 × (1 − 0.15)³ = $20,000 × (0.85)³ = $20,000 × 0.614125 = $12,282.50 ≈ $12,283.

CRC

#34. A cyclist travels 15 miles in 1 hour and 12 minutes. What is the cyclist’s average speed in miles per hour?

12.5 mph

12.0 mph

11.5 mph

13.0 mph

1

Math

Quantitative Reasoning

Rates and Unit Conversion

1 hour 12 minutes = 1.2 hours. Speed = distance / time = 15 / 1.2 = 12.5 mph.

CRC

#35. An investment of $5,000 earns simple interest at an annual rate of 4.5%. What is the total value of the investment after 6 years?

$5,225

$6,350

$7,250

$5,900

2

Math

Quantitative Reasoning

Simple Interest

Simple interest = Principal × Rate × Time = $5,000 × 0.045 × 6 = $1,350. Total value = $5,000 + $1,350 = $6,350.

CRC

#36. Solve for x: 4(x + 3) − 2 = 3(2x − 1) + 5

3

4

2

5

2

Math

Algebraic Reasoning

Linear Equations

Expand: 4x + 12 − 2 = 6x − 3 + 5 → 4x + 10 = 6x + 2 → 8 = 2x → x = 4. Verify: Left side: 4(4+3)−2 = 4(7)−2 = 26. Right side: 3(2·4−1)+5 = 3(7)+5 = 26. Confirmed x = 4.

CRC

#37. Which equation represents the line that passes through the points (−2, 7) and (4, −5)?

y = −½x + 6

y = 2x + 11

y = −2x + 5

y = −2x + 3

4

Math

Algebraic Reasoning

Linear Equations and Slope

Slope = (−5 − 7)/(4 − (−2)) = −12/6 = −2. Using point-slope form with (4, −5): y − (−5) = −2(x − 4) → y + 5 = −2x + 8 → y = −2x + 3.

CRC

#38. Simplify the expression: (3x²y³)² · (2xy)

18x⁴y⁶

12x⁵y⁶

18x⁵y⁷

12x⁵y⁷

3

Math

Algebraic Reasoning

Exponent Rules

(3x²y³)² = 9x⁴y⁶. Multiply by (2xy): 9x⁴y⁶ · 2xy = 18x⁵y⁷.

CRC

#39. A system of equations is given: x + 3y = 11 and 2x − y = 1. What is the value of x?

1

4

3

2

4

Math

Algebraic Reasoning

Systems of Equations

From the first equation: x = 11 − 3y. Substitute into the second: 2(11 − 3y) − y = 1 → 22 − 6y − y = 1 → 22 − 7y = 1 → 7y = 21 → y = 3. Then x = 11 − 3(3) = 11 − 9 = 2. Verify: 2 + 3(3) = 11 ✓ and 2(2) − 3 = 1 ✓.

CRC

#40. If f(x) = 3x² − 7x + 2, what is f(−1)?

−8

12

2

8

2

Math

Algebraic Reasoning

Function Evaluation

f(−1) = 3(−1)² − 7(−1) + 2 = 3(1) + 7 + 2 = 3 + 7 + 2 = 12.

CRC

#41. A right triangle has legs measuring 9 cm and 12 cm. What is the length of the hypotenuse?

15 cm

Both A and C

√225 cm

21 cm

2

Math

Geometric & Spatial Reasoning

Pythagorean Theorem

Hypotenuse = √(9² + 12²) = √(81 + 144) = √225 = 15 cm. Both option A (15 cm) and option C (√225 cm) are correct representations of the same value.

CRC

#42. A cylindrical water tank has a radius of 4 feet and a height of 10 feet. What is the volume of the tank in cubic feet? (Use π ≈ 3.14)

251.2 cubic feet

125.6 cubic feet

502.4 cubic feet

160 cubic feet

3

Math

Geometric & Spatial Reasoning

Volume of Solids

Volume of cylinder = πr²h = 3.14 × 4² × 10 = 3.14 × 16 × 10 = 502.4 cubic feet.

CRC

#43. Two similar triangles have a scale factor of 3:5. If the area of the smaller triangle is 27 square inches, what is the area of the larger triangle?

45 square inches

135 square inches

75 square inches

225 square inches

3

Math

Geometric & Spatial Reasoning

Similar Figures and Proportions

For similar figures, the ratio of areas equals the square of the scale factor. Area ratio = (3/5)² = 9/25. So 27/x = 9/25 → x = 27 × 25/9 = 75 square inches.

CRC

#44. A rectangular garden measures 24 feet by 18 feet. A uniform walkway of width w feet is added around the entire garden. Which expression represents the total area including the walkway?

(24 + 2w)(18 + 2w)

(24 + w)(18 + w)

24(18) + 4w

2(24 + w) + 2(18 + w)

1

Math

Geometric & Spatial Reasoning

Area and Perimeter with Variables

A walkway of width w on all sides adds 2w to both the length and width. Total dimensions: (24 + 2w) by (18 + 2w). Total area = (24 + 2w)(18 + 2w).

CRC

#45. Point A is located at (−3, 2) and point B is located at (5, −4). What is the distance between points A and B?

8

√28

10

14

3

Math

Geometric & Spatial Reasoning

Coordinate Geometry

Distance = √[(5−(−3))² + (−4−2)²] = √[8² + (−6)²] = √[64 + 36] = √100 = 10.

CRC

#46. A bag contains 5 red marbles, 3 blue marbles, and 7 green marbles. If one marble is drawn at random, what is the probability that it is NOT green?

7/15

2/3

1/3

8/15

4

Math

Probabilistic & Statistical Reasoning

Basic Probability

Total marbles = 5 + 3 + 7 = 15. Non-green marbles = 5 + 3 = 8. P(not green) = 8/15.

CRC

#47. The following data set represents test scores for 8 students: 62, 70, 74, 80, 86, 90, 94, 98. What is the interquartile range (IQR)?

18

20

24

16

2

Math

Probabilistic & Statistical Reasoning

Descriptive Statistics

Ordered data (8 values): 62, 70, 74, 80, 86, 90, 94, 98. Lower half: 62, 70, 74, 80 → Q1 = (70+74)/2 = 72. Upper half: 86, 90, 94, 98 → Q3 = (90+94)/2 = 92. IQR = Q3 − Q1 = 92 − 72 = 20.

CRC

#48. A survey of 200 college students found that 120 drink coffee, 80 drink tea, and 40 drink both coffee and tea. What is the probability that a randomly selected student drinks coffee or tea?

1.0

0.80

0.60

0.40

2

Math

Probabilistic & Statistical Reasoning

Probability with Sets

P(coffee or tea) = P(coffee) + P(tea) − P(both) = 120/200 + 80/200 − 40/200 = 160/200 = 0.80.

CRC

#49. A data set has a mean of 50 and a standard deviation of 8. According to the empirical rule, approximately what percentage of data values fall between 34 and 66?

68%

50%

99.7%

95%

4

Math

Probabilistic & Statistical Reasoning

Normal Distribution and Empirical Rule

34 = 50 − 2(8) and 66 = 50 + 2(8), so the range is within 2 standard deviations of the mean. By the empirical rule, approximately 95% of data falls within 2 standard deviations.

CRC

#50. A scatter plot shows the relationship between hours of study and exam scores for 30 students. The correlation coefficient is r = 0.87. Which statement best interprets this value?

There is a strong positive linear relationship between study hours and exam scores

There is a weak negative relationship between study hours and exam scores

Study hours cause higher exam scores

There is no significant relationship between the variables

1

Math

Probabilistic & Statistical Reasoning

Correlation and Data Interpretation

An r value of 0.87 indicates a strong positive linear relationship. It does not imply causation (eliminating option 3), and it is neither weak nor negative.

CRC

#51. TSIA2 Simulated Exam 4 – 2026

Should participation in community service be a mandatory requirement for high school graduation? Community service programs have become increasingly common in American high schools, with some districts requiring students to complete a set number of service hours before receiving their diplomas. Supporters believe these requirements build character, civic responsibility, and empathy in young people. Opponents argue that mandatory volunteerism is a contradiction in terms and that forced service diminishes the genuine spirit of helping others. Write a persuasive essay in which you take a clear position on whether community service should be required for high school graduation. Support your argument with specific reasons, examples, and evidence.

Suggested thesis: Community service requirements for graduation [should/should not] be mandatory because [reason 1], [reason 2], and [reason 3]. Students may argue for mandatory service by citing character development, college application advantages, and exposure to diverse communities, or argue against by citing the paradox of forced volunteerism, equity concerns for working students, and the importance of intrinsic motivation.

Key supporting points: (1) FOR — Mandatory service exposes students to needs beyond their immediate experience, fostering empathy and civic awareness that classroom instruction alone cannot achieve; (2) AGAINST — Requiring community service disproportionately burdens students who already work part-time jobs to support their families, creating an equity issue; (3) BALANCED — A compromise approach might offer service-learning courses that integrate community engagement with academic credit, making the experience meaningful rather than perfunctory.

Rubric focus areas: (1) Clear and arguable thesis statement with a definitive position; (2) Well-organized body paragraphs with distinct supporting reasons; (3) Use of specific examples or evidence rather than vague generalizations; (4) Acknowledgment and rebuttal of counterarguments; (5) Formal academic tone with varied sentence structure; (6) Strong conclusion that reinforces the thesis without mere repetition.

CRC Exam #4

Results

#2. Based on the passage above about synthetic biology, what does the word ‘paradigm’ most likely mean in context?

#4. In the Harlem Renaissance passage, the phrase ‘systematically denied’ suggests that the denial of dignity was —

#6. Which of the following would best strengthen the skeptics’ argument in the vertical farming passage?

#7. Read the following poem excerpt: ‘The fog crept over the harbor wall, / wrapping each mast in its silver shawl, / until the ships were ghosts at rest, / and silence pressed against my chest.’ The figurative language in this excerpt primarily creates a mood of —

#8. In the poem excerpt about the fog, the ships are compared to ‘ghosts at rest’ primarily to emphasize —

#11. Based on the coral bleaching passage, what can the reader infer about the relationship between corals and symbiotic algae?

#14. Read the following sentence: ‘The committee have been debating the proposal for three hours, and they has yet to reach a consensus.’ Which revision corrects the errors in this sentence?

#15. Read the following sentence: ‘Neither the professor nor her teaching assistants was available to answer questions during office hours last Friday.’ Which revision, if any, is needed?

#16. Read the following sentence: ‘The architect presented three designs, however, the client preferred a completely different concept that incorporated sustainable materials.’ Which revision best corrects the punctuation error?

#17. A student is writing a research paper about renewable energy adoption. Which sentence would best serve as a thesis statement?

#19. A student writes: ‘The volunteers who organized the charity event, they worked tirelessly for weeks to ensure its success.’ Which revision eliminates the grammatical error?

#20. Read the following sentences: ‘The museum’s new exhibit features artifacts from ancient Mesopotamia. It includes cuneiform tablets. It also includes cylinder seals. There are also pottery fragments on display.’ Which revision best combines these sentences?

#22. A student writes: ‘After reviewing the data carefully and consulting with experts in the field. The research team published their groundbreaking findings in a prestigious journal.’ Which revision corrects the sentence fragment?

#26. A student writes: ‘The company’s profits soared to unprecedented heights, consequently, the board approved raises for all employees and expanded its operations into three new markets.’ Which revision best corrects this sentence?

#28. In the observatory passage, the image of the telescope still pointing toward Orion’s Belt primarily conveys a sense of —

#30. Read the following sentence: ‘The archaeologist, along with her team of graduate students, were excavating a Bronze Age settlement when they discovered the intact burial chamber.’ Which revision corrects the subject-verb agreement error?

#31. A store sells a jacket for $84, which represents a 30% markup over the wholesale cost. What was the wholesale cost of the jacket, rounded to the nearest cent?

#32. A recipe requires 2¾ cups of flour to make 16 cookies. How many cups of flour are needed to make 40 cookies?

#33. A car’s value depreciates by 15% each year. If the car was purchased for $20,000, what is its approximate value after 3 years?

#34. A cyclist travels 15 miles in 1 hour and 12 minutes. What is the cyclist’s average speed in miles per hour?

#35. An investment of $5,000 earns simple interest at an annual rate of 4.5%. What is the total value of the investment after 6 years?

#36. Solve for x: 4(x + 3) − 2 = 3(2x − 1) + 5

#37. Which equation represents the line that passes through the points (−2, 7) and (4, −5)?

#38. Simplify the expression: (3x²y³)² · (2xy)

#39. A system of equations is given: x + 3y = 11 and 2x − y = 1. What is the value of x?

#40. If f(x) = 3x² − 7x + 2, what is f(−1)?

#41. A right triangle has legs measuring 9 cm and 12 cm. What is the length of the hypotenuse?

#42. A cylindrical water tank has a radius of 4 feet and a height of 10 feet. What is the volume of the tank in cubic feet? (Use π ≈ 3.14)

#43. Two similar triangles have a scale factor of 3:5. If the area of the smaller triangle is 27 square inches, what is the area of the larger triangle?

#44. A rectangular garden measures 24 feet by 18 feet. A uniform walkway of width w feet is added around the entire garden. Which expression represents the total area including the walkway?

#45. Point A is located at (−3, 2) and point B is located at (5, −4). What is the distance between points A and B?

#46. A bag contains 5 red marbles, 3 blue marbles, and 7 green marbles. If one marble is drawn at random, what is the probability that it is NOT green?

#47. The following data set represents test scores for 8 students: 62, 70, 74, 80, 86, 90, 94, 98. What is the interquartile range (IQR)?

#48. A survey of 200 college students found that 120 drink coffee, 80 drink tea, and 40 drink both coffee and tea. What is the probability that a randomly selected student drinks coffee or tea?

#49. A data set has a mean of 50 and a standard deviation of 8. According to the empirical rule, approximately what percentage of data values fall between 34 and 66?

#50. A scatter plot shows the relationship between hours of study and exam scores for 30 students. The correlation coefficient is r = 0.87. Which statement best interprets this value?

#51. TSIA2 Simulated Exam 4 – 2026