TSIA2 – CRC Exam #5

#1. Read the following passage. // Marisol pressed her forehead against the bus window, watching the city dissolve into flat brown fields. She had promised herself she would not look back, yet every mile felt like a thread being pulled from a sweater she was still wearing. Her grandmother’s voice echoed in her mind: ‘The roots of a mesquite tree grow twice as deep as the tree is tall.’ Marisol had always thought the saying was about stubbornness, but now, hurtling toward a university five hundred miles away, she understood it differently. Depth was not about refusing to move; it was about carrying the ground with you wherever you went. She opened her notebook and began to sketch the skyline she was leaving behind, pressing hard enough to emboss the next page. // What is the primary effect of the simile “every mile felt like a thread being pulled from a sweater she was still wearing”?

It indicates that the bus ride is damaging her clothing.

It suggests that distance is gradually unraveling her sense of identity and belonging.

It implies Marisol is physically cold during the journey.

It shows that Marisol regrets choosing to attend college.

3

ELAR – Reading

Literary Analysis: Figurative Language

Medium

Read the following passage. // Marisol pressed her forehead against the bus window, watching the city dissolve into flat brown fields. She had promised herself she would not look back, yet every mile felt like a thread being pulled from a sweater she was still wearing. Her grandmother’s voice echoed in her mind: ‘The roots of a mesquite tree grow twice as deep as the tree is tall.’ Marisol had always thought the saying was about stubbornness, but now, hurtling toward a university five hundred miles away, she understood it differently. Depth was not about refusing to move; it was about carrying the ground with you wherever you went. She opened her notebook and began to sketch the skyline she was leaving behind, pressing hard enough to emboss the next page.

Q1

#2. Based on the passage, how does Marisol’s understanding of her grandmother’s saying change?

She realizes the saying is meaningless.

She concludes that mesquite trees are a symbol of failure.

She reinterprets it to mean that one’s origins remain part of you even as you move forward.

She decides stubbornness is actually a virtue.

4

ELAR – Reading

Literary Analysis: Theme Development

Medium

Read the following passage. // Marisol pressed her forehead against the bus window, watching the city dissolve into flat brown fields. She had promised herself she would not look back, yet every mile felt like a thread being pulled from a sweater she was still wearing. Her grandmother’s voice echoed in her mind: ‘The roots of a mesquite tree grow twice as deep as the tree is tall.’ Marisol had always thought the saying was about stubbornness, but now, hurtling toward a university five hundred miles away, she understood it differently. Depth was not about refusing to move; it was about carrying the ground with you wherever you went. She opened her notebook and began to sketch the skyline she was leaving behind, pressing hard enough to emboss the next page.

Q2

#3. What does the detail about Marisol ‘pressing hard enough to emboss the next page’ most likely symbolize?

Her desire to leave a lasting impression of her past as she enters a new chapter.

Her frustration with the quality of her notebook.

Her nervous habit of pressing too hard when she draws.

Her intention to share the sketch with her grandmother.

4

ELAR – Reading

Literary Analysis: Symbolism

Hard

Read the following passage. // Marisol pressed her forehead against the bus window, watching the city dissolve into flat brown fields. She had promised herself she would not look back, yet every mile felt like a thread being pulled from a sweater she was still wearing. Her grandmother’s voice echoed in her mind: ‘The roots of a mesquite tree grow twice as deep as the tree is tall.’ Marisol had always thought the saying was about stubbornness, but now, hurtling toward a university five hundred miles away, she understood it differently. Depth was not about refusing to move; it was about carrying the ground with you wherever you went. She opened her notebook and began to sketch the skyline she was leaving behind, pressing hard enough to emboss the next page.

Q3

#4. Which of the following best describes the narrative point of view in this passage?

First person, told by Marisol

Second person, addressing the reader directly

Third person limited, focused on Marisol’s thoughts and perceptions

Third person omniscient, revealing the thoughts of multiple characters

3

ELAR – Reading

Literary Analysis: Point of View

Easy

Read the following passage. // Marisol pressed her forehead against the bus window, watching the city dissolve into flat brown fields. She had promised herself she would not look back, yet every mile felt like a thread being pulled from a sweater she was still wearing. Her grandmother’s voice echoed in her mind: ‘The roots of a mesquite tree grow twice as deep as the tree is tall.’ Marisol had always thought the saying was about stubbornness, but now, hurtling toward a university five hundred miles away, she understood it differently. Depth was not about refusing to move; it was about carrying the ground with you wherever you went. She opened her notebook and began to sketch the skyline she was leaving behind, pressing hard enough to emboss the next page.

Q4

#5. Read the following passage. // Urban heat islands occur when cities replace natural land cover with pavement, buildings, and other surfaces that absorb and retain heat. According to the Environmental Protection Agency, daytime temperatures in urban areas can be 1 to 7 degrees Fahrenheit higher than in surrounding rural areas, and nighttime temperatures can be as much as 5 degrees higher. The consequences extend beyond discomfort: higher temperatures increase energy consumption for cooling, elevate emissions of air pollutants and greenhouse gases, and exacerbate heat-related illness, particularly among elderly and low-income populations. Cities such as Los Angeles and Phoenix have begun deploying cool-roof programs and expanding urban tree canopies. A 2024 study in Nature Climate Change found that increasing tree cover by just 10 percent in dense urban neighborhoods reduced local surface temperatures by an average of 2.3 degrees Fahrenheit during peak summer months. // Which of the following best states the central idea of the passage?

Urban heat islands are an inevitable and unsolvable consequence of modern city design.

The EPA has mandated that all cities adopt cool-roof programs immediately.

Planting trees is the only effective solution to combat rising urban temperatures.

Urban heat islands raise temperatures in cities, causing health and environmental problems, but mitigation strategies show measurable results.

4

ELAR – Reading

Informational Text: Central Idea

Medium

Read the following passage. // Urban heat islands occur when cities replace natural land cover with pavement, buildings, and other surfaces that absorb and retain heat. According to the Environmental Protection Agency, daytime temperatures in urban areas can be 1 to 7 degrees Fahrenheit higher than in surrounding rural areas, and nighttime temperatures can be as much as 5 degrees higher. The consequences extend beyond discomfort: higher temperatures increase energy consumption for cooling, elevate emissions of air pollutants and greenhouse gases, and exacerbate heat-related illness, particularly among elderly and low-income populations. Cities such as Los Angeles and Phoenix have begun deploying cool-roof programs and expanding urban tree canopies. A 2024 study in Nature Climate Change found that increasing tree cover by just 10 percent in dense urban neighborhoods reduced local surface temperatures by an average of 2.3 degrees Fahrenheit during peak summer months.

Q5

#6. The author includes the statistic from the 2024 Nature Climate Change study primarily to —

argue that rural areas are cooler than cities

suggest that 10 percent tree cover is the minimum required by federal law

provide quantitative evidence that increasing tree cover effectively reduces urban temperatures

criticize cities that have not adopted tree-planting programs

4

ELAR – Reading

Informational Text: Evidence & Support

Medium

Read the following passage. // Urban heat islands occur when cities replace natural land cover with pavement, buildings, and other surfaces that absorb and retain heat. According to the Environmental Protection Agency, daytime temperatures in urban areas can be 1 to 7 degrees Fahrenheit higher than in surrounding rural areas, and nighttime temperatures can be as much as 5 degrees higher. The consequences extend beyond discomfort: higher temperatures increase energy consumption for cooling, elevate emissions of air pollutants and greenhouse gases, and exacerbate heat-related illness, particularly among elderly and low-income populations. Cities such as Los Angeles and Phoenix have begun deploying cool-roof programs and expanding urban tree canopies. A 2024 study in Nature Climate Change found that increasing tree cover by just 10 percent in dense urban neighborhoods reduced local surface temperatures by an average of 2.3 degrees Fahrenheit during peak summer months.

Q6

#7. According to the passage, which populations are most vulnerable to the effects of urban heat islands?

College students and young professionals

Tourists visiting from rural areas

Elderly and low-income populations

Construction workers and farmers

3

ELAR – Reading

Informational Text: Key Details

Easy

Read the following passage. // Urban heat islands occur when cities replace natural land cover with pavement, buildings, and other surfaces that absorb and retain heat. According to the Environmental Protection Agency, daytime temperatures in urban areas can be 1 to 7 degrees Fahrenheit higher than in surrounding rural areas, and nighttime temperatures can be as much as 5 degrees higher. The consequences extend beyond discomfort: higher temperatures increase energy consumption for cooling, elevate emissions of air pollutants and greenhouse gases, and exacerbate heat-related illness, particularly among elderly and low-income populations. Cities such as Los Angeles and Phoenix have begun deploying cool-roof programs and expanding urban tree canopies. A 2024 study in Nature Climate Change found that increasing tree cover by just 10 percent in dense urban neighborhoods reduced local surface temperatures by an average of 2.3 degrees Fahrenheit during peak summer months.

Q7

#8. What organizational pattern does the author primarily use in this passage?

Chronological order of historical events

Problem and solution

Compare and contrast between two cities

Narrative with flashbacks

2

ELAR – Reading

Informational Text: Text Structure

Medium

Read the following passage. // Urban heat islands occur when cities replace natural land cover with pavement, buildings, and other surfaces that absorb and retain heat. According to the Environmental Protection Agency, daytime temperatures in urban areas can be 1 to 7 degrees Fahrenheit higher than in surrounding rural areas, and nighttime temperatures can be as much as 5 degrees higher. The consequences extend beyond discomfort: higher temperatures increase energy consumption for cooling, elevate emissions of air pollutants and greenhouse gases, and exacerbate heat-related illness, particularly among elderly and low-income populations. Cities such as Los Angeles and Phoenix have begun deploying cool-roof programs and expanding urban tree canopies. A 2024 study in Nature Climate Change found that increasing tree cover by just 10 percent in dense urban neighborhoods reduced local surface temperatures by an average of 2.3 degrees Fahrenheit during peak summer months.

Q8

#9. Read the following passage. // Opponents of universal basic income argue that providing unconditional cash payments will discourage people from working. However, data from pilot programs in Stockton, California, and Finland tell a different story. In Stockton’s SEED program, recipients who received $500 per month actually increased their full-time employment rate from 28 percent to 40 percent within one year. Finland’s two-year experiment showed that recipients experienced lower stress levels and greater confidence in job-seeking, even though overall employment rates remained similar to the control group. Critics also contend that UBI is fiscally irresponsible, yet economists at the Roosevelt Institute have modeled scenarios in which a modest UBI funded through progressive taxation could grow the GDP by 12.5 percent over eight years. The evidence suggests that UBI does not create dependency; rather, it provides a stable platform from which individuals can pursue education, entrepreneurship, and more meaningful employment. // What is the author’s primary claim in this passage?

Universal basic income is too expensive for any government to implement.

UBI pilot programs have failed in every country where they have been tested.

Finland’s UBI experiment was more successful than Stockton’s program.

Universal basic income does not create dependency and can lead to positive economic and personal outcomes.

4

ELAR – Reading

Argumentative Text: Claim Identification

Medium

Read the following passage. // Opponents of universal basic income argue that providing unconditional cash payments will discourage people from working. However, data from pilot programs in Stockton, California, and Finland tell a different story. In Stockton’s SEED program, recipients who received $500 per month actually increased their full-time employment rate from 28 percent to 40 percent within one year. Finland’s two-year experiment showed that recipients experienced lower stress levels and greater confidence in job-seeking, even though overall employment rates remained similar to the control group. Critics also contend that UBI is fiscally irresponsible, yet economists at the Roosevelt Institute have modeled scenarios in which a modest UBI funded through progressive taxation could grow the GDP by 12.5 percent over eight years. The evidence suggests that UBI does not create dependency; rather, it provides a stable platform from which individuals can pursue education, entrepreneurship, and more meaningful employment.

Q9

#10. Which of the following best describes the author’s strategy for addressing the counterargument that UBI discourages work?

The author dismisses the counterargument without providing evidence.

The author shifts the discussion to a completely unrelated topic.

The author agrees that UBI reduces employment but argues the trade-off is acceptable.

The author presents empirical data from pilot programs that contradict the claim.

4

ELAR – Reading

Argumentative Text: Counterargument Analysis

Medium

Read the following passage. // Opponents of universal basic income argue that providing unconditional cash payments will discourage people from working. However, data from pilot programs in Stockton, California, and Finland tell a different story. In Stockton’s SEED program, recipients who received $500 per month actually increased their full-time employment rate from 28 percent to 40 percent within one year. Finland’s two-year experiment showed that recipients experienced lower stress levels and greater confidence in job-seeking, even though overall employment rates remained similar to the control group. Critics also contend that UBI is fiscally irresponsible, yet economists at the Roosevelt Institute have modeled scenarios in which a modest UBI funded through progressive taxation could grow the GDP by 12.5 percent over eight years. The evidence suggests that UBI does not create dependency; rather, it provides a stable platform from which individuals can pursue education, entrepreneurship, and more meaningful employment.

Q10

#11. The reference to the Roosevelt Institute’s economic modeling serves to —

prove that UBI has already been implemented nationwide

suggest that economists universally support UBI

demonstrate that progressive taxation is unconstitutional

counter the argument that UBI is fiscally irresponsible by showing potential GDP growth

4

ELAR – Reading

Argumentative Text: Evidence Evaluation

Hard

Read the following passage. // Opponents of universal basic income argue that providing unconditional cash payments will discourage people from working. However, data from pilot programs in Stockton, California, and Finland tell a different story. In Stockton’s SEED program, recipients who received $500 per month actually increased their full-time employment rate from 28 percent to 40 percent within one year. Finland’s two-year experiment showed that recipients experienced lower stress levels and greater confidence in job-seeking, even though overall employment rates remained similar to the control group. Critics also contend that UBI is fiscally irresponsible, yet economists at the Roosevelt Institute have modeled scenarios in which a modest UBI funded through progressive taxation could grow the GDP by 12.5 percent over eight years. The evidence suggests that UBI does not create dependency; rather, it provides a stable platform from which individuals can pursue education, entrepreneurship, and more meaningful employment.

Q11

#12. Which word best describes the author’s tone throughout this passage?

Hostile

Indifferent

Humorous

Persuasive and evidence-based

4

ELAR – Reading

Argumentative Text: Tone & Purpose

Easy

Read the following passage. // Opponents of universal basic income argue that providing unconditional cash payments will discourage people from working. However, data from pilot programs in Stockton, California, and Finland tell a different story. In Stockton’s SEED program, recipients who received $500 per month actually increased their full-time employment rate from 28 percent to 40 percent within one year. Finland’s two-year experiment showed that recipients experienced lower stress levels and greater confidence in job-seeking, even though overall employment rates remained similar to the control group. Critics also contend that UBI is fiscally irresponsible, yet economists at the Roosevelt Institute have modeled scenarios in which a modest UBI funded through progressive taxation could grow the GDP by 12.5 percent over eight years. The evidence suggests that UBI does not create dependency; rather, it provides a stable platform from which individuals can pursue education, entrepreneurship, and more meaningful employment.

Q12

#13. Read the following poem. // ‘Cartography of Silence’ // I have mapped every room I’ve left— / the kitchen where flour dusted the counter like snow, / the porch where the wind edited our conversations, / the hallway whose echo outlasted its voices. / Each departure added a legend to my atlas: / a dotted line for promises unkept, / a solid border where forgiveness stopped. / Now I sit with the pages spread before me, / tracing routes I cannot travel twice, / and wonder if home is a coordinate / or merely the direction I keep facing. // The extended metaphor of cartography in this poem primarily serves to —

describe the speaker’s career as a professional mapmaker

represent the speaker’s emotional process of cataloging and reflecting on past experiences and relationships

argue that geography is more important than personal relationships

demonstrate that the speaker is lost and needs physical directions

2

ELAR – Reading

Literary Analysis: Extended Metaphor

Hard

Read the following poem. // ‘Cartography of Silence’ // I have mapped every room I’ve left— / the kitchen where flour dusted the counter like snow, / the porch where the wind edited our conversations, / the hallway whose echo outlasted its voices. / Each departure added a legend to my atlas: / a dotted line for promises unkept, / a solid border where forgiveness stopped. / Now I sit with the pages spread before me, / tracing routes I cannot travel twice, / and wonder if home is a coordinate / or merely the direction I keep facing.

Q13

#14. What does the line “a solid border where forgiveness stopped” most likely mean?

The speaker built a physical wall around a property.

There is a definitive boundary marking the limit of the speaker’s ability or willingness to forgive.

The speaker prefers solid borders over dotted lines on maps.

Forgiveness is a geographical concept related to national borders.

2

ELAR – Reading

Literary Analysis: Figurative Language

Hard

Read the following poem. // ‘Cartography of Silence’ // I have mapped every room I’ve left— / the kitchen where flour dusted the counter like snow, / the porch where the wind edited our conversations, / the hallway whose echo outlasted its voices. / Each departure added a legend to my atlas: / a dotted line for promises unkept, / a solid border where forgiveness stopped. / Now I sit with the pages spread before me, / tracing routes I cannot travel twice, / and wonder if home is a coordinate / or merely the direction I keep facing.

Q14

#15. The final question of the poem — whether home is ‘a coordinate or merely the direction I keep facing’ — suggests that the speaker —

plans to use GPS technology to find home

is uncertain whether home is a fixed place or a persistent emotional orientation

has already decided that home does not exist

prefers traveling to staying in one location

2

ELAR – Reading

Literary Analysis: Interpretation

Hard

Read the following poem. // ‘Cartography of Silence’ // I have mapped every room I’ve left— / the kitchen where flour dusted the counter like snow, / the porch where the wind edited our conversations, / the hallway whose echo outlasted its voices. / Each departure added a legend to my atlas: / a dotted line for promises unkept, / a solid border where forgiveness stopped. / Now I sit with the pages spread before me, / tracing routes I cannot travel twice, / and wonder if home is a coordinate / or merely the direction I keep facing.

Q15

#16. Read the following passage. // Microplastics—fragments smaller than five millimeters—have been detected in human blood, lung tissue, and placental samples. A 2025 study published in The Lancet Planetary Health estimated that the average person ingests roughly five grams of plastic per week, equivalent to the weight of a credit card. While researchers have confirmed that microplastics can cross biological barriers, the long-term health effects remain under investigation. Some laboratory studies on animal models have linked microplastic exposure to inflammation, hormonal disruption, and reduced fertility, but scientists caution against extrapolating animal data directly to humans without large-scale epidemiological studies. Policymakers face a challenge: should regulations be tightened now based on the precautionary principle, or should action wait until definitive human health data are available? // The author’s primary purpose in this passage is to —

convince readers to stop using all plastic products immediately

celebrate the scientific community for solving the microplastics crisis

argue that animal studies are unreliable and should be disregarded

present the current state of knowledge about microplastics in the human body and the regulatory dilemma that arises from incomplete evidence

4

ELAR – Reading

Informational Text: Author’s Purpose

Medium

Read the following passage. // Microplastics—fragments smaller than five millimeters—have been detected in human blood, lung tissue, and placental samples. A 2025 study published in The Lancet Planetary Health estimated that the average person ingests roughly five grams of plastic per week, equivalent to the weight of a credit card. While researchers have confirmed that microplastics can cross biological barriers, the long-term health effects remain under investigation. Some laboratory studies on animal models have linked microplastic exposure to inflammation, hormonal disruption, and reduced fertility, but scientists caution against extrapolating animal data directly to humans without large-scale epidemiological studies. Policymakers face a challenge: should regulations be tightened now based on the precautionary principle, or should action wait until definitive human health data are available?

Q16

#17. The comparison of weekly plastic ingestion to the weight of a credit card is used to —

exaggerate the danger of microplastics beyond what research supports

promote credit card companies

make an abstract statistic tangible and relatable for the reader

suggest that credit cards are made of edible material

3

ELAR – Reading

Informational Text: Rhetorical Strategy

Easy

Read the following passage. // Microplastics—fragments smaller than five millimeters—have been detected in human blood, lung tissue, and placental samples. A 2025 study published in The Lancet Planetary Health estimated that the average person ingests roughly five grams of plastic per week, equivalent to the weight of a credit card. While researchers have confirmed that microplastics can cross biological barriers, the long-term health effects remain under investigation. Some laboratory studies on animal models have linked microplastic exposure to inflammation, hormonal disruption, and reduced fertility, but scientists caution against extrapolating animal data directly to humans without large-scale epidemiological studies. Policymakers face a challenge: should regulations be tightened now based on the precautionary principle, or should action wait until definitive human health data are available?

Q17

#18. Select the sentence that is punctuated correctly.

The committee announced, that the deadline would be extended by two weeks.

The committee announced that the deadline, would be extended by two weeks.

The committee announced that the deadline would be extended by two weeks.

The committee, announced that the deadline would be extended by two weeks.

3

ELAR – Writing

Revision & Editing: Comma Usage

Easy

Q18

#19. Which revision best corrects the following sentence? “Running through the park on a sunny afternoon the dog chased its tail.”

Running through the park on a sunny afternoon, the dog chased its tail.

The dog chased its tail, running through the park on a sunny afternoon.

Running through the park on a sunny afternoon; the dog chased its tail.

Both A and B are acceptable revisions.

4

ELAR – Writing

Revision & Editing: Misplaced Modifiers

Medium

Q19

#20. Which sentence demonstrates correct subject-verb agreement?

The group of scientists was publishing its results next month.

The group of scientists were publishing their results next month.

The group of scientists are publishing their result next month.

The group of scientists have been publishes their results next month.

1

ELAR – Writing

Revision & Editing: Subject-Verb Agreement

Medium

Q20

#21. In the sentence “The mayor, along with several council members, are expected to attend the ribbon-cutting ceremony,” what is the error?

The word “along” should be replaced with “beside.”

The verb “are” should be “is” because the subject is “The mayor,” a singular noun.

The phrase “ribbon-cutting” should not be hyphenated.

There is no error in this sentence.

2

ELAR – Writing

Revision & Editing: Subject-Verb Agreement

Medium

Q21

#22. Choose the most effective transition to connect these two sentences: ‘The company reported record profits in the third quarter. ______, it announced plans to lay off 200 employees.’

As a result,

Furthermore,

Nevertheless,

Similarly,

1

ELAR – Writing

Revision & Editing: Transitions

Medium

Q22

#23. Which of the following sentences uses a semicolon correctly?

The trail was steep; and covered in loose gravel.

The recipe calls for; flour, sugar, and butter.

We visited Paris; London, and Rome on our trip.

She finished the marathon in record time; she had trained for over a year.

4

ELAR – Writing

Revision & Editing: Semicolon Usage

Medium

Q23

#24. Which revision eliminates the redundancy in this sentence? “The autobiography of her life was published posthumously after her death.”

The autobiography of her life was published after her death.

Her autobiography was published posthumously.

The autobiography of her life was published posthumously.

Her life autobiography was published posthumously after she died.

2

ELAR – Writing

Revision & Editing: Redundancy

Easy

Q24

#25. Which sentence correctly uses parallel structure?

The internship requires researching topics, to write reports, and presenting findings.

The internship requires research of topics, to write reports, and the presentation of findings.

The internship requires to research topics, writing reports, and to present findings.

The internship requires researching topics, writing reports, and presenting findings.

4

ELAR – Writing

Revision & Editing: Parallel Structure

Easy

Q25

#26. Read the passage and choose the best replacement for the underlined portion. “The professor explained the theory clear and with great detail.”

clearly and with great detail

clear and in great detail

clearly and in great detailed

with clarity and great detailed

1

ELAR – Writing

Revision & Editing: Adjective vs. Adverb

Medium

Q26

#27. Which sentence correctly uses an apostrophe?

The three dog’s bowls were all empty by noon.

The three dogs’ bowls were all empty by noon.

The three dogs bowl’s were all empty by noon.

The three dog’s bowl’s were all empty by noon.

2

ELAR – Writing

Revision & Editing: Apostrophe Usage

Easy

Q27

#28. Which of the following is a complete sentence (not a fragment or run-on)?

The library offers free workshops on digital literacy, and they are held every Saturday.

The library offers free workshops on digital literacy they are held every Saturday.

Although the library offers free workshops on digital literacy.

Offering free workshops on digital literacy every Saturday at the library.

1

ELAR – Writing

Revision & Editing: Sentence Structure

Easy

Q28

#29. Which revision best improves the clarity of this sentence? “The policy change was implemented by the board, and it was controversial, and many employees disagreed with it.”

The board implemented a controversial policy change that many employees opposed.

The policy change was implemented by the board and it was controversial and many employees disagreed.

Implemented by the board, the controversial policy change, and many employees disagreed with it.

The board’s policy change was implemented, it was controversial, many employees disagreed.

1

ELAR – Writing

Revision & Editing: Sentence Clarity & Concision

Medium

Q29

#30. Choose the correct word to complete the sentence: “The new regulation will ______ all businesses with more than fifty employees.”

effect

affect

affective

effecting

2

ELAR – Writing

Revision & Editing: Commonly Confused Words

Easy

Q30

#31. A landscaper charges $45 for the first hour and $30 for each additional hour. If a client’s bill was $225, how many total hours did the landscaper work?

5

6

7

8

3

Math – Quantitative Reasoning

Linear Equations in Context

Easy

Q31

#32. A store marks up wholesale prices by 60%. During a clearance sale, the store offers 25% off the marked-up price. If an item’s wholesale cost is $80, what is the final sale price?

$96.00

$102.00

$92.80

$76.80

1

Math – Quantitative Reasoning

Percent Markup and Discount

Medium

Q32

#33. An investment of $5,000 earns 4.5% simple interest annually. How much total interest is earned after 6 years?

$1,350

$1,125

$1,500

$1,200

1

Math – Quantitative Reasoning

Simple Interest

Easy

Q33

#34. A recipe that serves 8 people requires 2.5 cups of rice. How many cups of rice are needed to serve 28 people?

8.75

8.0

7.5

9.0

1

Math – Quantitative Reasoning

Proportional Reasoning

Medium

Q34

#35. A car’s fuel efficiency is 32 miles per gallon. If gasoline costs $3.85 per gallon, what is the approximate fuel cost for a 480-mile trip?

$61.50

$57.75

$54.25

$49.90

3

Math – Quantitative Reasoning

Unit Rate Application

Medium

Q35

#36. Solve for x: 3(2x – 5) + 4 = 7x – 8

x = 3

x = -3

x = -1

x = 1

2

Math – Algebraic Reasoning

Linear Equations

Medium

Q36

#37. Factor completely: 6x² + 13x – 5

(6x – 1)(x + 5)

(3x + 5)(2x – 1)

(2x + 5)(3x – 1)

(3x – 5)(2x + 1)

3

Math – Algebraic Reasoning

Factoring Trinomials

Hard

Q37

#38. Which equation represents a line that passes through the point (4, -2) and has a slope of -3/2?

y = -3/2 x + 4

y = -3/2 x – 2

y = -3/2 x + 8

y = -3/2 x + 2

1

Math – Algebraic Reasoning

Linear Equations: Point-Slope

Medium

Q38

#39. Simplify: (4x³y²)(-2x²y⁵)

-8x⁶y¹⁰

8x⁵y⁷

-8x⁵y⁷

8x⁶y¹⁰

3

Math – Algebraic Reasoning

Exponent Rules

Medium

Q39

#40. A theater sells adult tickets for $12 and student tickets for $7. If 340 tickets were sold for a total of $3,230, how many student tickets were sold?

150

170

190

200

2

Math – Algebraic Reasoning

Systems of Equations

Hard

Q40

#41. A rectangular garden has a perimeter of 54 meters. If the length is 3 meters more than twice the width, what is the area of the garden?

152 sq m

160 sq m

168 sq m

176 sq m

1

Math – Geometric & Spatial Reasoning

Perimeter and Area

Medium

Q41

#42. A cylindrical water tank has a radius of 5 feet and a height of 12 feet. What is its volume in cubic feet? (Use π ≈ 3.14)

942 cu ft

900 cu ft

876 cu ft

1,020 cu ft

1

Math – Geometric & Spatial Reasoning

Volume of Cylinder

Medium

Q42

#43. In a right triangle, one leg measures 9 cm and the hypotenuse measures 15 cm. What is the length of the other leg?

12 cm

11 cm

10 cm

13 cm

3

Math – Geometric & Spatial Reasoning

Pythagorean Theorem

Easy

Q43

#44. Two similar triangles have corresponding sides in a ratio of 3:7. If the area of the smaller triangle is 27 square inches, what is the area of the larger triangle?

63 sq in

147 sq in

189 sq in

441 sq in

2

Math – Geometric & Spatial Reasoning

Similar Figures: Area Ratio

Hard

Q44

#45. A circle has a central angle of 150°. If the radius of the circle is 6 inches, what is the length of the arc intercepted by this angle? (Use π ≈ 3.14)

12.56 in

15.71 in

18.85 in

9.42 in

2

Math – Geometric & Spatial Reasoning

Arc Length

Medium

Q45

#46. A dataset contains the values: 11, 16, 18, 22, 25, 27, 28, 32, 38. What is the interquartile range (IQR)?

11

13

14

12

2

Math – Probabilistic & Statistical Reasoning

Interquartile Range

Medium

Q46

#47. A bag contains 5 red marbles, 8 blue marbles, and 7 green marbles. If two marbles are drawn at random without replacement, what is the probability that both are blue?

14/95

56/380

8/57

28/190

1

Math – Probabilistic & Statistical Reasoning

Probability Without Replacement

Hard

Q47

#48. In a normally distributed dataset with a mean of 72 and a standard deviation of 6, approximately what percentage of values fall between 60 and 84?

95%

68%

99.7%

90%

1

Math – Probabilistic & Statistical Reasoning

Normal Distribution / Empirical Rule

Medium

Q48

#49. A survey of 200 college students found that 120 prefer online classes, 60 prefer in-person classes, and 20 have no preference. What is the probability that a randomly selected student from this survey prefers in-person classes?

0.20

0.30

0.40

0.60

2

Math – Probabilistic & Statistical Reasoning

Basic Probability from Data

Easy

Q49

#50. A scatterplot shows a strong negative linear correlation between hours of television watched per day and GPA. The line of best fit is y = -0.15x + 3.8. Based on the model, what GPA would be predicted for a student who watches 6 hours of television per day?

2.70

2.80

2.90

3.10

3

Math – Probabilistic & Statistical Reasoning

Linear Regression Interpretation

Medium

Q50

#51. ESSAY PROMPT: Some educators argue that high schools should replace traditional letter grades (A, B, C, D, F) with a competency-based assessment system in which students advance only after demonstrating mastery of specific skills. Supporters say this approach reduces grade inflation and ensures genuine learning, while critics warn that it could slow student progress and create logistical challenges for colleges evaluating applicants. Write a well-organized essay in which you take a clear position on whether high schools should adopt competency-based assessment in place of traditional letter grades. Use specific reasons and examples to support your argument.

Suggested thesis direction: Argue either that competency-based assessment produces deeper learning and better-prepared graduates, OR that traditional letter grades provide a more practical, widely understood, and efficient evaluation system.

Key supporting points: (1) Competency-based systems ensure students master material before advancing, reducing gaps in foundational knowledge. (2) Traditional grades offer a standardized metric familiar to colleges, employers, and families. (3) A hybrid model could combine the accountability of mastery benchmarks with the convenience of letter grades.

Rubric focus areas: Clear and arguable thesis statement; well-structured body paragraphs with specific evidence; effective counterargument acknowledgment and rebuttal; coherent transitions; polished grammar and mechanics.

CRC Exam #5

Results

#2. Based on the passage, how does Marisol’s understanding of her grandmother’s saying change?

#3. What does the detail about Marisol ‘pressing hard enough to emboss the next page’ most likely symbolize?

#4. Which of the following best describes the narrative point of view in this passage?

#6. The author includes the statistic from the 2024 Nature Climate Change study primarily to —

#7. According to the passage, which populations are most vulnerable to the effects of urban heat islands?

#8. What organizational pattern does the author primarily use in this passage?

#10. Which of the following best describes the author’s strategy for addressing the counterargument that UBI discourages work?

#11. The reference to the Roosevelt Institute’s economic modeling serves to —

#12. Which word best describes the author’s tone throughout this passage?

#14. What does the line “a solid border where forgiveness stopped” most likely mean?

#15. The final question of the poem — whether home is ‘a coordinate or merely the direction I keep facing’ — suggests that the speaker —

#17. The comparison of weekly plastic ingestion to the weight of a credit card is used to —

#18. Select the sentence that is punctuated correctly.

#19. Which revision best corrects the following sentence? “Running through the park on a sunny afternoon the dog chased its tail.”

#20. Which sentence demonstrates correct subject-verb agreement?

#21. In the sentence “The mayor, along with several council members, are expected to attend the ribbon-cutting ceremony,” what is the error?

#22. Choose the most effective transition to connect these two sentences: ‘The company reported record profits in the third quarter. ______, it announced plans to lay off 200 employees.’

#23. Which of the following sentences uses a semicolon correctly?

#24. Which revision eliminates the redundancy in this sentence? “The autobiography of her life was published posthumously after her death.”

#25. Which sentence correctly uses parallel structure?

#26. Read the passage and choose the best replacement for the underlined portion. “The professor explained the theory clear and with great detail.”

#27. Which sentence correctly uses an apostrophe?

#28. Which of the following is a complete sentence (not a fragment or run-on)?

#29. Which revision best improves the clarity of this sentence? “The policy change was implemented by the board, and it was controversial, and many employees disagreed with it.”

#30. Choose the correct word to complete the sentence: “The new regulation will ______ all businesses with more than fifty employees.”

#31. A landscaper charges $45 for the first hour and $30 for each additional hour. If a client’s bill was $225, how many total hours did the landscaper work?

#32. A store marks up wholesale prices by 60%. During a clearance sale, the store offers 25% off the marked-up price. If an item’s wholesale cost is $80, what is the final sale price?

#33. An investment of $5,000 earns 4.5% simple interest annually. How much total interest is earned after 6 years?

#34. A recipe that serves 8 people requires 2.5 cups of rice. How many cups of rice are needed to serve 28 people?

#35. A car’s fuel efficiency is 32 miles per gallon. If gasoline costs $3.85 per gallon, what is the approximate fuel cost for a 480-mile trip?

#36. Solve for x: 3(2x – 5) + 4 = 7x – 8

#37. Factor completely: 6x² + 13x – 5

#38. Which equation represents a line that passes through the point (4, -2) and has a slope of -3/2?

#39. Simplify: (4x³y²)(-2x²y⁵)

#40. A theater sells adult tickets for $12 and student tickets for $7. If 340 tickets were sold for a total of $3,230, how many student tickets were sold?

#41. A rectangular garden has a perimeter of 54 meters. If the length is 3 meters more than twice the width, what is the area of the garden?

#42. A cylindrical water tank has a radius of 5 feet and a height of 12 feet. What is its volume in cubic feet? (Use π ≈ 3.14)

#43. In a right triangle, one leg measures 9 cm and the hypotenuse measures 15 cm. What is the length of the other leg?

#44. Two similar triangles have corresponding sides in a ratio of 3:7. If the area of the smaller triangle is 27 square inches, what is the area of the larger triangle?

#45. A circle has a central angle of 150°. If the radius of the circle is 6 inches, what is the length of the arc intercepted by this angle? (Use π ≈ 3.14)

#46. A dataset contains the values: 11, 16, 18, 22, 25, 27, 28, 32, 38. What is the interquartile range (IQR)?

#47. A bag contains 5 red marbles, 8 blue marbles, and 7 green marbles. If two marbles are drawn at random without replacement, what is the probability that both are blue?

#48. In a normally distributed dataset with a mean of 72 and a standard deviation of 6, approximately what percentage of values fall between 60 and 84?

#49. A survey of 200 college students found that 120 prefer online classes, 60 prefer in-person classes, and 20 have no preference. What is the probability that a randomly selected student from this survey prefers in-person classes?

#50. A scatterplot shows a strong negative linear correlation between hours of television watched per day and GPA. The line of best fit is y = -0.15x + 3.8. Based on the model, what GPA would be predicted for a student who watches 6 hours of television per day?