TSIA2 – CRC Exam #19

#1. The phenomenon of false memories demonstrates how malleable human memory truly is. In landmark studies by psychologist Elizabeth Loftus, participants were convinced they had experienced events that never occurred—from being lost in a shopping mall as a child to witnessing accidents that didn’t happen. Memory is not a perfect recording but rather a reconstruction influenced by suggestion, bias, and subsequent information. The misinformation effect occurs when exposure to misleading information after an event distorts memory of the original event. In legal contexts, this has profound implications: eyewitness testimony, once considered the gold standard of evidence, can be remarkably unreliable. Leading questions, media coverage, and even the way police conduct lineups can contaminate memories. Despite feeling absolutely certain about memories, confidence does not correlate with accuracy. Our brains seamlessly weave together fragments of actual experience, imagination, and external suggestions into coherent narratives that feel completely real. The primary purpose of this passage is to:

1) Criticize the legal system’s reliance on eyewitness testimony

2) Explain how memory reconstruction makes false memories possible

3) Describe Elizabeth Loftus’s research methodology

4) Argue that all memories are equally unreliable

#2. According to the passage, the misinformation effect refers to:

1) The tendency to forget information over time

2) Distortion of memory caused by exposure to misleading information after an event

3) The inability to form new memories

4) Deliberately lying about past experiences

#3. The passage suggests that confidence in a memory:

1) Guarantees its accuracy

2) Has no relationship to whether the memory is true

3) Only matters in legal proceedings

4) Prevents the formation of false memories

#4. Which statement about memory is supported by the passage?

1) Memory functions like a video recording of events

2) Memory is a reconstructive process influenced by multiple factors

3) Only traumatic memories are susceptible to distortion

4) Children’s memories are more reliable than adults’

#5. The author’s mention of ‘being lost in a shopping mall’ serves to:

1) Provide a specific example of a false memory that researchers successfully implanted

2) Describe a common childhood trauma

3) Illustrate the types of memories that are impossible to fabricate

4) Explain why shopping malls are disorienting environments

#6. Based on the passage, what implication do false memories have for the legal system?

1) All criminal cases should be dismissed

2) Eyewitness testimony should be evaluated with caution and skepticism

3) Police should avoid asking witnesses any questions

4) Video evidence is also unreliable

#7. The gig economy—characterized by short-term contracts and freelance work rather than permanent employment—has fundamentally transformed labor markets. Platforms like Uber, TaskRabbit, and Upwork enable workers to find flexible opportunities and supplemental income. Proponents argue this model offers autonomy, allowing individuals to be their own bosses and set their own schedules. However, critics point out that gig workers lack traditional employment protections: no health insurance, retirement benefits, paid leave, or job security. They bear business expenses (vehicle maintenance, equipment) while companies classify them as independent contractors, avoiding employer obligations. This arrangement transfers economic risk from companies to individual workers. Income volatility is another concern—earnings fluctuate unpredictably, making financial planning difficult. As the gig economy expands, policymakers face challenging questions about how to protect workers while preserving the flexibility that attracts many to this employment model. The passage presents the gig economy as:

1) Universally beneficial for all workers

2) A complex system with both advantages and significant drawbacks

3) An outdated employment model

4) Exclusively exploitative of workers

#8. According to the passage, companies classify gig workers as independent contractors in order to:

1) Provide workers with greater autonomy

2) Avoid employer obligations like benefits and protections

3) Increase worker earnings

4) Improve service quality for customers

#9. Which of the following is NOT mentioned as a concern about gig work?

1) Lack of health insurance

2) Income volatility

3) Workers bearing business expenses

4) Excessive government regulation

#10. The phrase ‘transfers economic risk from companies to individual workers’ suggests that:

1) Companies are eliminating all financial risks

2) Workers assume the financial uncertainties that employers traditionally bore

3) The economy is becoming more stable for everyone

4) Gig platforms guarantee minimum earnings

#11. The passage indicates that policymakers face a challenge because:

1) The gig economy is shrinking rapidly

2) Workers unanimously oppose all gig work

3) They must balance worker protection with the flexibility that attracts people to gig work

4) Traditional employment has completely disappeared

#12. Magical realism, a literary genre that emerged prominently in Latin American literature, blends realistic narrative with magical elements presented as ordinary occurrences. Unlike fantasy, which creates entirely imaginary worlds, magical realism grounds fantastic events in realistic settings, treating the supernatural as mundane. In Gabriel García Márquez’s ‘One Hundred Years of Solitude,’ characters ascend to heaven while hanging laundry and patriarch lives for over a century—yet these events are narrated with the same matter-of-fact tone as everyday activities. This technique serves multiple purposes: it challenges Western rationalist assumptions about reality, incorporates indigenous and folk belief systems often dismissed by colonial powers, and creates metaphorical space to address political and social issues. The genre’s ambiguity—the refusal to explain magical events rationally—invites readers to question the boundaries between possible and impossible, real and imagined. According to the passage, magical realism differs from fantasy primarily because:

1) It includes more supernatural elements

2) It places magical events within realistic, ordinary settings

3) It only appears in Latin American literature

4) It explains magical occurrences scientifically

#13. The author mentions García Márquez’s ‘One Hundred Years of Solitude’ to:

1) Prove that magical realism originated in Colombia

2) Illustrate how magical events are narrated as ordinary occurrences

3) Argue that the novel is historically inaccurate

4) Demonstrate the superiority of magical realism over other genres

#14. Based on the passage, magical realism ‘challenges Western rationalist assumptions’ by:

1) Providing scientific explanations for supernatural phenomena

2) Treating magical events as equally valid as empirically verifiable ones

3) Rejecting all forms of logical thinking

4) Creating entirely imaginary worlds

#15. The passage suggests that magical realism incorporates indigenous belief systems in order to:

1) Make literature more entertaining

2) Validate perspectives often dismissed by colonial powers

3) Confuse Western readers

4) Avoid addressing political issues

#16. The ‘ambiguity’ of magical realism refers to:

1) Poorly written narrative structure

2) The intentional lack of rational explanation for magical events

3) Confusion about the setting of stories

4) Unclear character motivations

#17. Neuroplasticity—the brain’s ability to reorganize itself by forming new neural connections—contradicts the once-held belief that adult brains are fixed and unchangeable. Research demonstrates that experiences, learning, and even thoughts can physically alter brain structure. London taxi drivers, who must memorize complex city layouts, show enlarged hippocampi (brain regions involved in spatial memory). Stroke patients can regain lost functions as healthy brain regions compensate for damaged areas. This adaptability has revolutionized approaches to education, rehabilitation, and mental health treatment. Which statement best expresses the main idea?

1) London taxi drivers have superior memory abilities

2) Brain plasticity allows the adult brain to change and adapt throughout life

3) Stroke recovery is now completely predictable

4) Childhood is the only period of significant brain development

#18. The software update, which it included significant security improvements, was released ahead of schedule. What is the error in this sentence?

1) ‘which it included’ should be ‘which included’

2) ‘was released’ should be ‘were released’

3) Comma after ‘update’ is unnecessary

4) No error

#19. Each of the students were required to submit their final project by Friday afternoon. What is the error in this sentence?

1) ‘Each’ should be ‘All’

2) ‘were required’ should be ‘was required’

3) ‘their’ should be ‘his or her’

4) Both 2 and 3

#20. The museum exhibit features artifacts from ancient Egypt, including pottery, jewelry, and containing sculptures from various dynasties. What is the error in this sentence?

1) Lack of parallel structure—’containing sculptures’ doesn’t match the pattern

2) ‘features’ should be ‘feature’

3) Comma before ‘including’ is incorrect

4) No error

#21. [1] Climate change affects ecosystems worldwide. [2] Rising temperatures alter migration patterns. [3] My favorite season is autumn. [4] Ocean acidification threatens marine life. Which sentence should be removed to improve paragraph coherence?

1) Sentence 1

2) Sentence 2

3) Sentence 3

4) Sentence 4

#22. The conference will address issues such as: cybersecurity, data privacy, and artificial intelligence ethics. What is the error in this sentence?

1) Colon after ‘such as’ is incorrect

2) Commas should be semicolons

3) ‘will address’ should be ‘will have addressed’

4) No error

#23. Having read the instructions carefully, the assignment was completed successfully by Marcus. What is the error in this sentence?

1) Misplaced modifier—the assignment didn’t read the instructions

2) ‘Having read’ should be ‘Having been reading’

3) Passive voice is always incorrect

4) No error

#24. The principle reason for the policy change was to improve workplace safety and reduce liability. What is the error in this sentence?

1) ‘principle’ should be ‘principal’

2) ‘was’ should be ‘were’

3) ‘improve’ should be ‘improving’

4) No error

#25. [1] Electric vehicles offer environmental benefits. [2] They produce zero direct emissions. [3] Battery technology continues to improve. [4] Therefore, range anxiety is decreasing among consumers. Which word or phrase could replace ‘Therefore’ in sentence 4 to better show the relationship?

1) However,

2) Additionally,

3) Consequently,

4) ‘Therefore’ is already the best choice

#26. The team played good, but they lost the championship game by a narrow margin. What is the error in this sentence?

1) ‘good’ should be ‘well’

2) ‘they’ should be ‘it’

3) ‘lost’ should be ‘had lost’

4) No error

#27. Due to the fact that enrollment has increased significantly, the college is planning to construct additional dormitories. Which revision improves conciseness?

1) Because enrollment has increased significantly, the college is planning to construct additional dormitories.

2) The college is planning to construct additional dormitories due to significant enrollment increases.

3) Enrollment has increased significantly, and the college is planning to construct additional dormitories.

4) Both 1 and 2

#28. The author’s use of vivid imagery and symbolism create a haunting atmosphere throughout the novel. What is the error in this sentence?

1) ‘use’ should be ‘uses’

2) ‘create’ should be ‘creates’

3) ‘throughout’ should be ‘through’

4) No error

#29. Irregardless of the weather conditions, the ceremony will proceed as scheduled. What is the error in this sentence?

1) ‘Irregardless’ should be ‘Regardless’

2) ‘will proceed’ should be ‘will have proceeded’

3) ‘as scheduled’ is redundant

4) No error

#30. The scientist’s groundbreaking research in genetics has implications for medicine, agriculture, and how we understand human evolution. What is the error in this sentence?

1) Lack of parallel structure—’how we understand human evolution’ doesn’t match the pattern

2) ‘has’ should be ‘have’

3) ‘in genetics’ is misplaced

4) No error

#31. A clothing store offers a 30% discount on all items. If a jacket originally costs $145, what is the sale price after the discount?

1) $101.50

2) $115.00

3) $43.50

4) $188.50

#32. A rectangular swimming pool is 25 meters long and 12 meters wide. If the pool is filled to an average depth of 2 meters, how many cubic meters of water does it hold?

1) 300

2) 600

3) 450

4) 150

#33. A train travels 180 miles in 2.5 hours. What is its average speed in miles per hour?

1) 70 mph

2) 72 mph

3) 75 mph

4) 80 mph

#34. If 3/8 of a number is 27, what is the number?

1) 54

2) 64

3) 72

4) 81

#35. A population of bacteria doubles every 4 hours. If there are initially 500 bacteria, how many will there be after 12 hours?

1) 2,000

2) 4,000

3) 6,000

4) 8,000

#36. Solve for x: 5x – 8 = 3x + 14

1) x = 7

2) x = 11

3) x = 3

4) x = 22

#37. If g(x) = -x² + 4x – 3, what is g(2)?

1) -3

2) 1

3) -7

4) 5

#38. Solve the system: 2x + y = 10 and x – y = 2. What is the value of x?

1) x = 2

2) x = 3

3) x = 4

4) x = 5

#39. Which expression is equivalent to (2a³b²)³?

1) 6a⁹b⁶

2) 8a⁶b⁵

3) 8a⁹b⁶

4) 2a⁹b⁶

#40. What are the solutions to x² – 5x – 14 = 0?

1) x = 7 and x = -2

2) x = -7 and x = 2

3) x = 7 and x = 2

4) x = -7 and x = -2

#41. A square has a perimeter of 48 inches. What is its area in square inches?

1) 144

2) 192

3) 576

4) 2304

#42. The length of a rectangle is 3 times its width. If the perimeter is 64 cm, what is the width?

1) 8 cm

2) 12 cm

3) 16 cm

4) 24 cm

#43. A cone has a radius of 6 cm and a height of 8 cm. What is its volume in cubic centimeters? Use V = (1/3)πr²h and π ≈ 3.14

1) 150.72

2) 301.44

3) 452.16

4) 602.88

#44. Two angles are supplementary. One angle measures 65°. What is the measure of the other angle?

1) 25°

2) 35°

3) 115°

4) 125°

#45. A triangle has sides of length 9 cm, 12 cm, and 15 cm. Is this a right triangle?

1) Yes, because 9² + 12² = 15²

2) No, because the sides don’t satisfy the Pythagorean theorem

3) Cannot be determined

4) Yes, but only if the angle between the two shorter sides is 90°

#46. The mean of five numbers is 24. If four of the numbers are 18, 22, 25, and 30, what is the fifth number?

1) 20

2) 23

3) 25

4) 27

#47. A spinner has 8 equal sections: 3 red, 3 blue, and 2 green. What is the probability of spinning either red or green?

1) 3/8

2) 5/8

3) 1/2

4) 3/4

#48. A dataset has the following values: 5, 8, 12, 12, 15, 18, 20, 25. What is the mode?

1) 5

2) 8

3) 12

4) 13.125

#49. In a normal distribution, what percentage of data falls within one standard deviation of the mean?

1) 50%

2) 68%

3) 95%

4) 99.7%

#50. A survey of 150 people found that 42% prefer coffee over tea. How many people prefer coffee?

1) 42

2) 58

3) 63

4) 87

#51. Essay Assignment

Prompt: Advances in artificial intelligence have led to automation of many jobs traditionally performed by humans, from manufacturing to customer service to even some professional roles. Some argue this technological progress will create new opportunities and free humans for more creative work. Others worry about widespread unemployment and economic inequality. Write an essay in which you evaluate the impact of AI-driven automation on employment and society.

Thesis Development: Your thesis should present a clear position on whether AI automation is primarily beneficial, harmful, or complex in its effects. Consider: economic impacts, types of jobs affected, historical patterns of technological change, inequality and access, human adaptation and retraining, and potential societal benefits or risks.

Rubric Focus: Effective essays will (1) present a nuanced, well-reasoned position, (2) support claims with specific examples and logical reasoning, (3) demonstrate understanding of multiple perspectives, (4) organize ideas coherently with clear transitions, and (5) maintain appropriate academic tone and mechanics.

CRC Exam #19

Results

#2. According to the passage, the misinformation effect refers to:

#3. The passage suggests that confidence in a memory:

#4. Which statement about memory is supported by the passage?

#5. The author’s mention of ‘being lost in a shopping mall’ serves to:

#6. Based on the passage, what implication do false memories have for the legal system?

#8. According to the passage, companies classify gig workers as independent contractors in order to:

#9. Which of the following is NOT mentioned as a concern about gig work?

#10. The phrase ‘transfers economic risk from companies to individual workers’ suggests that:

#11. The passage indicates that policymakers face a challenge because:

#13. The author mentions García Márquez’s ‘One Hundred Years of Solitude’ to:

#14. Based on the passage, magical realism ‘challenges Western rationalist assumptions’ by:

#15. The passage suggests that magical realism incorporates indigenous belief systems in order to:

#16. The ‘ambiguity’ of magical realism refers to:

#18. The software update, which it included significant security improvements, was released ahead of schedule. What is the error in this sentence?

#19. Each of the students were required to submit their final project by Friday afternoon. What is the error in this sentence?

#20. The museum exhibit features artifacts from ancient Egypt, including pottery, jewelry, and containing sculptures from various dynasties. What is the error in this sentence?

#21. [1] Climate change affects ecosystems worldwide. [2] Rising temperatures alter migration patterns. [3] My favorite season is autumn. [4] Ocean acidification threatens marine life. Which sentence should be removed to improve paragraph coherence?

#22. The conference will address issues such as: cybersecurity, data privacy, and artificial intelligence ethics. What is the error in this sentence?

#23. Having read the instructions carefully, the assignment was completed successfully by Marcus. What is the error in this sentence?

#24. The principle reason for the policy change was to improve workplace safety and reduce liability. What is the error in this sentence?

#25. [1] Electric vehicles offer environmental benefits. [2] They produce zero direct emissions. [3] Battery technology continues to improve. [4] Therefore, range anxiety is decreasing among consumers. Which word or phrase could replace ‘Therefore’ in sentence 4 to better show the relationship?

#26. The team played good, but they lost the championship game by a narrow margin. What is the error in this sentence?

#27. Due to the fact that enrollment has increased significantly, the college is planning to construct additional dormitories. Which revision improves conciseness?

#28. The author’s use of vivid imagery and symbolism create a haunting atmosphere throughout the novel. What is the error in this sentence?

#29. Irregardless of the weather conditions, the ceremony will proceed as scheduled. What is the error in this sentence?

#30. The scientist’s groundbreaking research in genetics has implications for medicine, agriculture, and how we understand human evolution. What is the error in this sentence?

#31. A clothing store offers a 30% discount on all items. If a jacket originally costs $145, what is the sale price after the discount?

#32. A rectangular swimming pool is 25 meters long and 12 meters wide. If the pool is filled to an average depth of 2 meters, how many cubic meters of water does it hold?

#33. A train travels 180 miles in 2.5 hours. What is its average speed in miles per hour?

#34. If 3/8 of a number is 27, what is the number?

#35. A population of bacteria doubles every 4 hours. If there are initially 500 bacteria, how many will there be after 12 hours?

#36. Solve for x: 5x – 8 = 3x + 14

#37. If g(x) = -x² + 4x – 3, what is g(2)?

#38. Solve the system: 2x + y = 10 and x – y = 2. What is the value of x?

#39. Which expression is equivalent to (2a³b²)³?

#40. What are the solutions to x² – 5x – 14 = 0?

#41. A square has a perimeter of 48 inches. What is its area in square inches?

#42. The length of a rectangle is 3 times its width. If the perimeter is 64 cm, what is the width?

#43. A cone has a radius of 6 cm and a height of 8 cm. What is its volume in cubic centimeters? Use V = (1/3)πr²h and π ≈ 3.14

#44. Two angles are supplementary. One angle measures 65°. What is the measure of the other angle?

#45. A triangle has sides of length 9 cm, 12 cm, and 15 cm. Is this a right triangle?

#46. The mean of five numbers is 24. If four of the numbers are 18, 22, 25, and 30, what is the fifth number?

#47. A spinner has 8 equal sections: 3 red, 3 blue, and 2 green. What is the probability of spinning either red or green?

#48. A dataset has the following values: 5, 8, 12, 12, 15, 18, 20, 25. What is the mode?

#49. In a normal distribution, what percentage of data falls within one standard deviation of the mean?

#50. A survey of 150 people found that 42% prefer coffee over tea. How many people prefer coffee?

#51. Essay Assignment