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Math –
High Difficulty
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#1. Find the volume of parallelepiped formed by vectors A = 2i + 3j – k, B = i – j + 4k, and C = 3i + j + 2k using scalar triple product.
#2. Given vectors P = ai + 2j + 3k and Q = i + bj – k are perpendicular, and |P| = 7, find a if b = 1.
#3. Find the shortest distance from point (2,3,1) to the line r = (1,1,0) + t(2,1,3).
#4. Calculate the angle between diagonal of cube and any of its edges (exact answer).
#5. Find the equation of plane containing line r = i + t(j + k) and parallel to vector 2i – j.
#6. Vectors A, B, C form right-handed orthogonal system. If A = 3i + 4j and B·k = 0, |B| = 5, find C.
#7. Find work done by force F = yzi + xzj + xyk along curve x = t², y = 2t, z = t³ from t=0 to t=1.
#8. A parallelepiped has edges A = i + j, B = j + k, C = k + i. Find angle between diagonals d₁ = A + B + C and d₂ = A – B + C.
#9. Find the area of triangle with vertices A(1,2,3), B(3,0,1), C(2,1,2) using cross product method.
#10. Vector r makes angles α, β, γ with x, y, z axes respectively. If α = 60° and β = 45°, find γ.
#11. Evaluate lim(x→0) [sin(3x) – 3x + (9x³/2)]/(x⁵) using Taylor series.
#12. Find d³y/dx³ for y = e^x·sin(x) at x = π.
#13. Evaluate ∫₀^(π/2) ln(sin(x))dx (known integral).
#14. Find the radius of curvature for y = x³ at x = 1.
#15. Evaluate ∫₀^∞ x²e^(-x²)dx using substitution.
#16. Find the length of astroid x = a·cos³(t), y = a·sin³(t) for 0 ≤ t ≤ 2π.
#17. Determine d/dx[∫ₓ^(x²) sin(t²)dt] using Leibniz rule.
#18. Find area between curves y = x³ – x and y = x – x³.
#19. Evaluate lim(x→∞) x[√(x² + 1) – x].
#20. Find coefficient of x⁵ in Taylor expansion of e^x·cos(x) about x = 0.
#21. Evaluate ∫(x² + 1)/((x² – 1)(x² + 4))dx using partial fractions.
#22. Calculate ∫₀^(π/4) x²·sec²(x)dx using integration by parts twice.
#23. Evaluate improper integral ∫₁^∞ (ln(x))/x² dx.
#24. Find ∫√(x² + 4)dx using trigonometric substitution.
#25. Evaluate ∫₀^1 x³√(1-x²)dx using substitution u = 1-x².
#26. Calculate surface area of revolution for y = √x from x = 0 to x = 4 about x-axis.
#27. Evaluate ∫e^x·cos(x)dx using integration by parts.
#28. Find ∫₀^(π/2) sin⁴(x)dx using reduction formula.
#29. Evaluate ∫(2x + 3)/(x³ + x² + x + 1)dx after factoring denominator.
#30. Calculate ∫₀^1 ∫₀^√(1-x²) √(x² + y²) dy dx (polar coordinates recommended).
#31. Solve y” + 4y’ + 4y = e^(-2x) using method of undetermined coefficients. Find yₚ.
#32. For system dx/dt = y, dy/dt = -4x – 5y, determine stability of equilibrium at origin.
#33. Solve Bernoulli equation dy/dx + y = xy³ using substitution v = y^(-2).
#34. Find particular integral for y” – 2y’ + y = x²e^x using undetermined coefficients.
#35. Solve exact equation (2xy + y²)dx + (x² + 2xy – 1)dy = 0.
#36. For Cauchy-Euler equation x²y” + 4xy’ + 2y = 0, find general solution.
#37. Solve using Laplace: y” + 9y = cos(2t), y(0) = 0, y'(0) = 1. Find Y(s).
#38. Find Green’s function for y” + y = 0 with y(0) = y(π) = 0.
#39. Solve variation of parameters for y” + y = sec(x). Form of yₚ?
#40. For y” – 2y’ + 5y = 0, classify the type of solution.
#41. Find L{t·cos(ωt)} using differentiation property.
#42. Evaluate L⁻¹{s/((s²+1)(s²+4))}.
#43. Using convolution theorem, find L⁻¹{1/((s²+1)²)}.
#44. Solve integral equation y(t) = t + ∫₀^t y(τ)dτ using Laplace transforms.
#45. Find L{∫₀^t τsin(τ)dτ} without evaluating the integral.
#46. Determine L{e^(at)sinh(bt)}.
#47. Using initial value theorem, find lim(t→0⁺) f(t) if F(s) = (2s²+3s+1)/(s³+s²).
#48. Solve y” + 2y’ + 2y = δ(t-π) with y(0)=0, y'(0)=0 where δ is Dirac delta.
#49. Find L{f(t)} where f(t) is periodic with period 2π and f(t) = sin(t) for 0 ≤ t < 2π.
#50. Evaluate L⁻¹{ln((s+1)/s)} using differentiation property of inverse transforms.
#51. Matrix A = |2 1 0| |1 2 1| |0 1 2| is tridiagonal. Find its eigenvalues.
#52. For matrix A with eigenvalues 2, 3, 5, what is det(A²)?
#53. Find the Jordan canonical form of A = |4 1| |0 4|.
#54. Determine whether vectors v₁=(1,2,1), v₂=(2,1,3), v₃=(1,-1,2) span R³.
#55. Find the spectral radius of A = |3 1| |-1 1| (largest absolute eigenvalue).
#56. Using Cayley-Hamilton theorem, if A = |1 2| |3 4| satisfies A² – 5A + kI = 0, find k.
#57. For orthogonal matrix Q, which statement is always true?
#58. Find the minimal polynomial of A = |2 0 0| |0 2 1| |0 0 2|.
#59. Matrix A is 5×3 with rank 3. What is the dimension of column space?
#60. For positive definite matrix A, all eigenvalues must be:
#61. For f(x,y) = x³ – 3xy², classify critical point at (0,0) using Hessian.
#62. Calculate ∫∫∫_E (x² + y² + z²)dV where E is sphere x² + y² + z² ≤ a².
#63. Verify Stokes’ theorem for F = -yi + xj over hemisphere x² + y² + z² = 1, z ≥ 0.
#64. Find the maximum of f(x,y,z) = xyz subject to x + y + z = 9 and x,y,z > 0.
#65. Evaluate ∫₀^∞ ∫₀^∞ e^(-(x²+y²))dx dy using polar coordinates.
#66. For transformation u = x + y, v = x – y, find Jacobian ∂(u,v)/∂(x,y).
#67. Calculate flux of F = xi + yj + zk through closed surface of cube [0,1]³.
#68. Find equation of tangent plane to x² + 2y² + 3z² = 21 at (1,2,2).
#69. Evaluate ∫_C (y²dx + 2xydy) where C is ellipse x²/4 + y² = 1, counterclockwise.
#70. For f(x,y) = e^(-x²-y²), find the maximum directional derivative at origin.
#71. Find the equation of sphere passing through points (0,0,0), (1,0,0), (0,1,0), (0,0,1).
#72. Determine angle between planes 2x – y + z = 3 and x + y + z = 1.
#73. Find parametric equations of line intersection of planes x + y + z = 6 and x – y + 2z = 3.
#74. Calculate the volume of ellipsoid x²/a² + y²/b² + z²/c² = 1.
#75. For rotated conic 3x² + 2xy + 3y² = 4, find the rotation angle to eliminate xy term.
#76. Find the distance between parallel planes 2x + 2y + z = 4 and 2x + 2y + z = 10.
#77. Determine the center of mass of region bounded by y = x² and y = 4 (uniform density).
#78. For cone z² = x² + y², 0 ≤ z ≤ h, calculate surface area.
#79. Find locus of points equidistant from point (0,0,1) and plane z = -1.
#80. Calculate moment of inertia of circle x² + y² ≤ a² about x-axis (uniform density ρ).
#81. Using Modified Euler method (Heun’s) with h=0.1 for dy/dx = x+y, y(0)=1, find y(0.1).
#82. Apply 4th-order Runge-Kutta with h=0.5 for dy/dx = -y, y(0)=1. Find y(0.5).
#83. Using Richardson extrapolation, improve trapezoidal approximation of ∫₀¹ e^x dx with h=1 and h=0.5.
#84. For stiff ODE y’ = -1000y + 3000 – 2000e^(-t), which method is most appropriate?
#85. Gauss-Seidel iteration for 10x + y = 11, x + 10y = 11 with (0,0): find (x₁,y₁).
#86. Using cubic spline interpolation, how many conditions are needed for n+1 data points?
#87. Newton’s method for finding √N uses iteration xₙ₊₁ = (xₙ + N/xₙ)/2. Order of convergence?
#88. For function f with f(0)=1, f(1)=2, f(2)=5, estimate f'(1) using central difference.
#89. LU decomposition of |4 3| |6 3| gives U₁₁ = 4. Find L₂₁.
#90. Adaptive quadrature subdivides interval when estimated error exceeds tolerance. Initial method used?
#91. Find Fourier series coefficient a₁ for f(x) = x on [-π,π].
#92. Determine Laurent series of f(z) = 1/(z(z-1)) about z = 0 for 0 < |z| < 1.
#93. Does series Σ(sin(n)/n²) converge absolutely, conditionally, or diverge?
#94. Find radius of convergence for Σ(n!x^n)/n^n.
#95. Evaluate Σ(n=1 to ∞) n/2^n using differentiation of geometric series.
#96. For power series Σaₙx^n with aₙ = 1/n!, find interval of convergence.
#97. Using Parseval’s identity, if f(x) = x on [-π,π], evaluate Σ(1/n²).
#98. Find sum of series Σ((-1)^(n+1))/(2n-1) from n=1 to ∞.
#99. Determine Maclaurin series for f(x) = x/(1-x²): coefficient of x⁵?
#100. For Fourier series of f(x) = |x| on [-π,π], what type of terms appear?